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- How to Write Topic Sentences | 4 Steps, Examples & Purpose
How to Write Topic Sentences | 4 Steps, Examples & Purpose
Published on July 21, 2022 by Shona McCombes . Revised on November 29, 2022.
Every paragraph in your paper needs a topic sentence . The topic sentence expresses what the paragraph is about. It should include two key things:
- The topic of the paragraph
- The central point of the paragraph.
After the topic sentence, you expand on the point with evidence and examples.
To build a well-structured argument, you can also use your topic sentences to transition smoothly between paragraphs and show the connections between your points.
Table of contents
Writing strong topic sentences, topic sentences as transitions between paragraphs, topic sentences that introduce more than one paragraph, where does the topic sentence go, frequently asked questions about topic sentences.
Topic sentences aren’t the first or the last thing you write—you’ll develop them throughout the writing process. To make sure every topic sentence and paragraph serves your argument, follow these steps.
Step 1: Write a thesis statement
The first step to developing your topic sentences is to make sure you have a strong thesis statement . The thesis statement sums up the purpose and argument of the whole paper.
Thesis statement example
Food is an increasingly urgent environmental issue, and to reduce humans’ impact on the planet, it is necessary to change global patterns of food production and consumption.
Step 2: Make an essay outline and draft topic sentences
Next, you should make an outline of your essay’s structure , planning what you want to say in each paragraph and what evidence you’ll use.
At this stage, you can draft a topic sentence that sums up the main point you want to make in each paragraph. The topic sentences should be more specific than the thesis statement, but always clearly related to it.
Topic sentence example
Research has consistently shown that the meat industry has a significant environmental impact .
Step 3: Expand with evidence
The rest of the paragraph should flow logically from the topic sentence, expanding on the point with evidence, examples, or argumentation. This helps keep your paragraphs focused: everything you write should relate to the central idea expressed in the topic sentence.
In our example, you might mention specific research studies and statistics that support your point about the overall impact of the meat industry.
Step 4: Refine your topic sentences
Topic sentences usually start out as simple statements. But it’s important to revise them as you write, making sure they match the content of each paragraph.
A good topic sentence is specific enough to give a clear sense of what to expect from the paragraph, but general enough that it doesn’t give everything away. You can think of it like a signpost: it should tell the reader which direction your argument is going in.
To make your writing stronger and ensure the connections between your paragraphs are clear and logical, you can also use topic sentences to create smooth transitions.
As you write each topic sentence, ask yourself: how does this point relate to what you wrote in the preceding paragraph? It’s often helpful to use transition words in your topic sentences to show the connections between your ideas.
Emphasize and expand
If the paragraph goes into more detail or gives another example to make the same point, the topic sentence can use words that imply emphasis or similarity (for example, furthermore , indeed , in fact , also ).
Indeed , cattle farming alone is responsible for a large proportion of greenhouse gas emissions.
Summarize and anticipate
If the paragraph turns to a different aspect of the same subject, the topic sentence can briefly sum up the previous paragraph and anticipate the new information that will appear in this one.
While beef clearly has the most dramatic footprint, other animal products also have serious impacts in terms of emissions, water and land use.
Compare and contrast
If the paragraph makes a comparison or introduces contrasting information, the topic sentence can use words that highlight difference or conflict (for example, in contrast , however , yet , on the other hand ).
However , the environmental costs of dietary choices are not always clear-cut; in some cases, small-scale livestock farming is more sustainable than plant-based food production.
You can also imply contrast or complicate your argument by formulating the topic sentence as a question.
Is veganism the only solution, or are there more sustainable ways of producing meat and dairy?
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Sometimes you can use a topic sentence to introduce several paragraphs at once.
All of the examples above address the environmental impact of meat-eating versus veganism. Together, they make up one coherent part of a larger argument, so the first paragraph could use a topic sentence to introduce the whole section.
In countries with high levels of meat consumption, a move towards plant-based diets is the most obvious route to making food more sustainable. Research has consistently shown that the meat industry has significant environmental impacts.
The topic sentence usually goes at the very start of a paragraph, but sometimes it can come later to indicate a change of direction in the paragraph’s argument.
Given this evidence of the meat industry’s impact on the planet, veganism seems like the only environmentally responsible option for consumers. However, the environmental costs of dietary choices are not always clear-cut; in some cases, small-scale livestock farming is more sustainable than plant-based food production.
In this example, the first sentence summarizes the main point that has been made so far. Then the topic sentence indicates that this paragraph will address evidence that complicates or contradicts that point.
In more advanced or creative forms of academic writing , you can play with the placement of topic sentences to build suspense and give your arguments more force. But if in doubt, to keep your research paper clear and focused, the easiest method is to place the topic sentence at the start of the paragraph.
View topic sentences in an example essay
A topic sentence is a sentence that expresses the main point of a paragraph . Everything else in the paragraph should relate to the topic sentence.
Topic sentences help keep your writing focused and guide the reader through your argument.
In an essay or paper , each paragraph should focus on a single idea. By stating the main idea in the topic sentence, you clarify what the paragraph is about for both yourself and your reader.
The topic sentence usually comes at the very start of the paragraph .
However, sometimes you might start with a transition sentence to summarize what was discussed in previous paragraphs, followed by the topic sentence that expresses the focus of the current paragraph.
Let’s say you’re writing a five-paragraph essay about the environmental impacts of dietary choices. Here are three examples of topic sentences you could use for each of the three body paragraphs :
- Research has shown that the meat industry has severe environmental impacts.
- However, many plant-based foods are also produced in environmentally damaging ways.
- It’s important to consider not only what type of diet we eat, but where our food comes from and how it is produced.
Each of these sentences expresses one main idea – by listing them in order, we can see the overall structure of the essay at a glance. Each paragraph will expand on the topic sentence with relevant detail, evidence, and arguments.
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McCombes, S. (2022, November 29). How to Write Topic Sentences | 4 Steps, Examples & Purpose. Scribbr. Retrieved March 3, 2023, from https://www.scribbr.com/research-paper/topic-sentences/
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Research Paper Writing Guide
Research paper topic sentences.
Writing perfect topic sentences is very much essential for providing the reader with ease in getting an idea about the entire research paper.
Writing strong topic Sentences
In every paragraph of your research paper you need to include topic sentences. It is the topic sentence that provides an overview of the content in a particular paragraph. The topic sentence mainly includes two things these are:
- The topic of the paragraph
- The main point of paragraph
After writing the topic sentence at the beginning of the paragraph, you need to expand your point by providing examples and evidence. In relation to building a well-structured argument you can utilize your topic sentences for ensuring transition between paragraphs. It is the topic sentence which helps in demonstrating the connection between points.
You need to use the topic sentences at the beginning of all paragraphs in the research paper. Here are 4 steps which you should follow for writing a strong topic sentence for a research paper these are:
Step 1: Writing a thesis statement
An initial step in designing a topic sentence is to ensure that the thesis statement which you have to design is strong. It is the thesis statement that provides a summary of the objectives and arguments in the entire research paper.
Example of thesis statement An increase in food wastage is considered as an issue of high concern. Such an issue has a significant negative influence on the environment. It is very much important for people to bring improvement in food consumption pattern.
Step 2: Prepare an outline of research paper and create a topic sentence
It is a step where you need to prepare a research paper outline . You need to prepare a plan of all the things which you want to include in every paragraph of the research paper. At this step you can create a topic sentence that summarizes the main point you intend to include in every paragraph. After writing the topic sentence you should make sure that it is specific and relevant.
Research topic sentence examples The findings of an investigation indicate that the food industry has a great effect in the environment.
Step 3: Expansion along with supporting sentences
This is a stage where you need to ensure that all the paragraphs are organized logically. After that you should expand the main point of the paragraph by providing evidence and examples. The inclusion of the topic sentence will help you in maintaining a more relevant paragraph. After writing the paragraph, you should make that all the content relates to the main idea of your research paper. At the time of writing example, you can highlight existing literature and statistical data which supports your main idea about the effect of the food industry on the environment.
Step 4: Refining of topic sentences
You should write a topic statement just by writing a simple statement. After writing a topic sentence, you must ensure that topic sentence matches with the content of every paragraph. The characteristics of a good topic sentence are that it expresses a clear idea about content in each paragraph of the research paper. A topic sentence should be such that it should provide the reader with an idea about the direction of arguments in the research paper. You can utilize the topic sentence for creating a transition between paragraphs.
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How to write a topic sentence for a body paragraph.
After writing the research paper topic sentence, you need to first understand how the main point in your paragraph relates to the preceding paragraph. Based on your answer you can do the following:
- Concentration and expansion
If the paragraph you are writing contains much detail or you are using more examples for explaining the same thing use should use words such as focus, emphasize in your topic sentence.
- Summarization and anticipation
If in case, the paragraphs you are writing include other new aspects then you need to make sure that the topic sentence should provide a summary of the previous paragraph. It should also provide new information which you are going to include in the next paragraph.
- Distinguishing and contrasting
If in case you are introducing the comparison between two things in your paragraph then you can use words such as on the other hand, yet, however, in contrast, etc. While writing a topic sentence.
Example : The dietary choice is not clear in few circumstances, farming is considered to be as one of the best ideas s compared to sustainable livestock farming.
You can also utilize the term contrast for showing the similarities between two variables of the study. The research paper topic in question form.
Example: Changing the pattern of food consumption is considered to be as more sustainable options for reducing wastage.
Topic sentences that introduce more than one paragraph
In some circumstances you can utilize topic sentences for introducing several paragraphs at a single time.
Topic Sentence with several paragraphs: example In nations where people consume packaged food items, a move towards the consumption of unpackaged food items is a sustainable option of reducing waste. A finding of investigation reveals that the food sector has a significant effect on the environment.
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Where does the topic sentence go.
You need to include a topic sentence at the beginning of the paragraph. The writer can include the topic sentences after the paragraph also. It is mainly done when the writer intends to change the direction of the argument in the paragraph.
Example of paragraph with topic sentence and main idea Providing proof of food sector influence on environment, consumption of unpackaged food items is considered to be the as best option for protecting the environment from degradation. However, the relationship between the consumption of food and its effect on the environment is not clear. In a few circumstances, consumption of unpackaged food is more suitable then consuming packaged food item.
In the above example, the first sentence in the paragraph provides a summary of the main point. The topic sentence represents that paragraph would address proof which contradicts that point.
From the above article, it has been concluded that the topic sentence can help establish a smooth transition between paragraphs. Another fact which we conclude from the above is that the topic sentence provides the reader with an idea about a paragraph.
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Topic Sentences in Research Paper – Meaning, Parts, Importance, Procedure and Techniques
Published 13 August 2021
The topic sentence is one of the most important sentences in a research paper. It states your main idea and sets up everything that follows. A good topic sentence will be specific, clear, and relevant to your thesis statement. This post will teach you how to write a great topic sentence for any research paper!
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Meaning of topic sentence.
The topic sentence is basically unique sentences that act as a guideline for both reader and writer. It provides the idea of information in the content. It is the first sentence of the paragraph. The topic sentences represent the scope and objective of the paragraph .
A topic sentence is a sentence that provides an overview of the main idea that you are developing in your paragraph or article. Organizing paragraphs with a topic sentence can help to create coherent writing and guide the reader through your paper. A good topic sentence should be clear, have a precise thesis, and not be redundant with any other statement made in your essay.
For example : If you are writing about the pollution, the pollution in Xyz town increased because of the rising population. The topic sentence for this Paragraph will be “pollution”.
Procedure for writing topic sentences
1. writing a thesis statement.
It is an initial phase in relation to drafting topic sentences. At this stage, you are required to ensure that the thesis statement which you have designed is quite strong. It means that the thesis statement should represent the objective and argument in the research paper.
2. Designing an outline of the essay
It is a phase where you need to prepare or design the paragraph structure in research . In addition to this, you are required to develop a plan for all the facts that you will include in the paragraph. The topic sentences should be developed in relation to paragraphs.
3. Expanding with evidence
While writing the main body paragraphs of the essay you need to ensure that it flows in a logical manner that is according to the topic sentence then after that there could be an expansion in points along with the evidence supporting arguments.
4. Refinement of the topic sentence
Reviewing the topic sentences which you have designed is very much essential in order to make sure that the content of the paragraph matches with the topic sentence.
Read Also: Research Process Guide
Techniques of writing topic sentences in a research paper.
Here are some techniques which you can apply for writing topic sentences these are:
1. A design statement for presenting the idea
As the topic sentence is the first sentence in a paragraph, therefore, the sentence should clearly represent the information included in the paragraph. While drafting a topic sentence you are required to make sure that it indicates your purpose clearly.
For instance , in a paragraph, you are describing the way globalization has influence marketing activities of companies’ for that paragraph the topic sentence should be the influence of globalization on marketing.”
2. Maintain a balance between general and specific
It means that the topic sentence which you have to design should be related to the paragraph or to the thesis statement of your research paper. The thesis statement should not be too narrow or broad.
Include hooks: One of the crucial roles of the topic sentence is to develop an interest in reading in the reader. In simpler words, the main function of the topic sentence is to capture the attention of the reader.
Read Also: How to Write a Hook for Research Paper
3. Write short and sweet
You should keep the topic sentence short as it is the strategy that will help you in representing your intention clearly.
4. Provide a justifiable opinion
You can include your opinion as a topic sentence; you can do this in a situation if you are planning to include your perspective in the paragraph.
5. Utilize the topic sentence as a transition
you should select such a topic sentence that provides the reader idea about the information in the previous and next paragraphs.
Note: If in a paragraph you are making a comparison between two things then in such case you need to use such words which highlight the distinguishing. If in a paragraph you are explaining various aspects on the similar subject then you should ensure that the topic sentence provides a summary of the existing paragraph along with new information.
Parts of topic sentences
The three important parts of the topic statement are :
- Limited topic
- Attitude, opinion, or feeling
Importance of topic sentences in a research paper
- It enables the reader to have an idea about the things which have been covered in a specific paragraph.
- It also provides readers ease in addressing the important points.
- The topic sentence in the research paper is very much essential as it supports the thesis statement.
- It also enables readers to maintain their concentration on important points.
- A topic sentence is important as it helps in clarifying the objective of writing a particular paragraph.
- An effective topic sentence enables you to avoid miscommunication and confusion.
Read Also: Topic Selection for Research
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How to Write a Good Topic Sentence
Last Updated: September 14, 2022 References Approved
This article was co-authored by Megan Morgan, PhD . Megan Morgan is a Graduate Program Academic Advisor in the School of Public & International Affairs at the University of Georgia. She earned her PhD in English from the University of Georgia in 2015. There are 12 references cited in this article, which can be found at the bottom of the page. wikiHow marks an article as reader-approved once it receives enough positive feedback. This article received 31 testimonials and 83% of readers who voted found it helpful, earning it our reader-approved status. This article has been viewed 2,218,715 times.
Perfecting the skill of writing topic sentences is essential to successful writing. A topic sentence usually comes at the beginning of a paragraph and lets your reader know what to expect from each paragraph. Think of it as the preview for a movie or a headline in a newspaper, highlighting the “main point” that’s to come in that paragraph. [1] X Research source Make sure your topic sentences are up to par, and the rest of your writing will feel like a breeze.
Writing a Successful Topic Sentence
- Keep in mind that this is not an invitation to simply announce your topic. "Today I'm going to discuss the benefits of gardening" is not an effective topic sentence. You should be able to make your intentions clear without stating them explicitly.
- The topic sentence in this example states a clear direction (“health benefits of gardening”) that you can then elaborate on in your paragraph.
- Don't write too vague or general an idea or you will never be able to discuss it in a single paragraph. This is too general: "The United States suffered a lot during the Civil War."
- Don't write too narrow of a statement. There's nothing much to talk about then, because it's probably a fact. This is too narrow: "Christmas trees are either cedars or firs."
- Instead, aim for a good balance: “Sherman’s destruction in the South during the Civil War also caused incredible suffering.” This is big enough to relate to the broader idea of an essay, but not so narrow that there’s nothing left to discuss.
- Describe a character. This can be a physical or emotional description.
- Use dialogue. If there is a relevant conversation that will attract your reader's attention, consider using part of it to start your paragraph.
- Portray an emotion. Use the opening sentence to portray an emotion to your reader.
- Use detail. While you don't want to write a run on sentence by creating too much detail, it's a good idea to create interest using sensory language in your topic sentence.
- Avoid rhetorical questions. While you want your reader to formulate questions in his or her mind, you do not want to formulate the questions yourself.
- Avoid presenting only facts in your topic sentence. While facts may be interesting, they do not introduce the reader to your paragraph nor do they draw the reader in. If you wish to include a fact, also include your own input. For example, instead of writing "All dogs need food," try "All dogs need regular care, including healthy food, and children are the best ones to do it." Alternatively, save your facts to use as evidence in the body of your paragraph.
- Using transitional elements, such as “In addition” or “In contrast,” is a good way to show the relationship between your ideas.
- For example: “Although gardening has many health benefits, people still need to exercise caution when outside.” This topic sentence establishes a connection to the main idea of the previous paragraph (“health benefits of gardening”) and points to the direction of the new paragraph (“things to be cautious of”).
Planning Your Topic Sentences
- You don’t have to write a formal outline using Roman numerals and the like. Even a loose, idea-based outline can help you know what you want to discuss.
- A topic sentence, unlike a thesis statement, doesn’t have to present an argument. It can present a “preview” of what the paragraph will argue or discuss.
- For example, a topic sentence could look like this: “In addition, increasing funding for public roads in Jackson County will improve local residents’ quality of life.” The rest of the sentences in this paragraph would relate to the main idea of public roads and how they will help benefit local residents.
- This is not as successful a topic sentence: “Increased funding for public roads in Jackson County has decreased traffic by 20%.” While this is probably an interesting fact for your argument, it’s too narrow for a topic sentence. The topic sentence has to direct the whole paragraph.
Avoiding Common Problems
- Unless it is an opinion piece, avoid using ‘I’ in your topic sentences.
- Rather than stating something like “In the story, Amelia did many good things such as help out her friends, talk to her parents, and support her team at school” say something like “As a result of the many activities Amelia participated in, she was recognized for her positive influence on the community.”
Sample Topic Sentences
Community Q&A
- Avoid using words like you or we because it implies you know the reader, which you don't. ⧼thumbs_response⧽ Helpful 3 Not Helpful 0
- In formal writing, avoid contractions such as "don't," "can't," and "isn't." Instead type them out to look like "do not," "can not" and "is not." ⧼thumbs_response⧽ Helpful 1 Not Helpful 0
- Type out all numbers under a ten. ⧼thumbs_response⧽ Helpful 1 Not Helpful 0
You Might Also Like
- ↑ http://www.writing.utoronto.ca/advice/planning-and-organizing/topic-sentences
- ↑ https://wts.indiana.edu/writing-guides/paragraphs-and-topic-sentences.html
- ↑ http://arts.uottawa.ca/writingcentre/en/hypergrammar/writing-paragraphs
- ↑ https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/general_writing/academic_writing/paragraphs_and_paragraphing/index.html
- ↑ https://stlcc.edu/student-support/academic-success-and-tutoring/writing-center/writing-resources/topic-sentence-paragraph.aspx
- ↑ https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/paragraphs/topicsentences
- ↑ https://www.rit.edu/ntid/sea/processes/paragraph/process/sentence
- ↑ https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/writingprocess/outlining
- ↑ https://www.touro.edu/departments/writing-center/tutorials/topic-sentence/
- ↑ https://owl.english.purdue.edu/engagement/2/2/57/
- ↑ http://writingcenter.unc.edu/handouts/paragraphs/
- ↑ http://www.writingcentre.uottawa.ca/hypergrammar/partopic.html
About This Article
If you’re trying to write a good topic sentence, start by clearly stating your main idea, which should include the topic and the position you’re taking on it. Aim to write a sentence that’s broad enough for discussion but narrow enough to be covered in a single paragraph. If you can, start with a hook, like a detail, character, or emotion that would draw in your readers. For more advice from our reviewer on writing a good topic sentence, like how to make it effective while keeping it short and sweet, read on! Did this summary help you? Yes No
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How to Write a Topic Sentence for a Research Paper
A topic sentence states the main idea of a paragraph. All the other sentences should support this idea by providing details, facts, or pieces of evidence. Just as your thesis statement briefly summarizes the point of your whole paper, a topic sentence should do the same for each single paragraph. In academic writing, a topic sentence usually goes first.
Writing a good topic sentence is not really difficult if you have a clear idea of what the paragraph will be about. However, there are still some rules to follow.
First of all, a topic sentence should include two things: a topic and a controlling idea. The topic is just what it sounds like, and the controlling idea gives your reader a hint of what will follow. For example, “The causes of such a severe financial crisis are attributed to a set of factors.” In this sentence, “a severe financial crisis” is the topic, and “a set of factors” is the controlling idea.
More tips on how to compose a topic sentence:
- Be clear and concise. Your reader should not be in doubt about what you had intended to say. A short topic sentence facilitates the good flow of a paragraph.
- Avoid simply announcing your topic. “This part is about the causes of the financial crisis being so severe” is an awkward topic sentence construction. Find a less direct way to provide the same information.
- Do not list any facts or pieces of evidence. You will have enough room for it later in the paragraph. Your topic sentence is to introduce the general idea, not to lay out everything you have to say.
- Keep your promises. If your topic sentence sounds as “There is evidence to suggest that lowering the drinking age to 18 may help reduce alcohol abuse among teens,” the next sentences in the paragraph should provide the evidence.
- Avoid quoting. Your topic sentence should demonstrate your own idea, not that of another person. If this particular quote is what you yourself would say about the issue, find a way to paraphrase it and add a bit of your own judgment.
- Avoid rhetorical questions. This is never a good way to open a paragraph in a research paper.
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How to write a topic sentence
- February 2, 2023
The topic sentence, which is generally the opening sentence of a paragraph, presents the paragraph’s main idea and establishes the tone.
In research papers , where the topic changes between paragraphs , a topic sentence is extremely crucial. Knowing how to construct a topic sentence is therefore essential for any student or writer.
Purpose of a topic sentence
- The purpose of a topic sentence is to inform readers about the rest of the paragraph.
- Topic sentences connect paragraphs in a way that flows well and makes reading easier.
- All subsequent sentences must include additional information on that statement, either by proving it with facts or by describing it in greater depth.
- Topic sentences must also be related to the research paper’s argument. The thesis statement acts as a road map for the reader or listener, indicating where you’re heading with this material and how you’re going to handle it.
You can also utilize your topic sentences to easily transition between paragraphs and illustrate the links between your ideas to create a well-structured argument.
Topic sentence vs. thesis statement
Both thesis statements and topic sentences help readers comprehend your research paper’s structure and main arguments. However, they are different in a few respects.
Topic sentence vs. thesis statement example
Introduction
Body paragraph
The ketogenic diet has been shown to assist people in regulating their blood sugar levels. Topic sentence, which is the first sentence of your body paragraph ....(body paragraph continues)
- The thesis statement should be in the first paragraph, and topic sentences should be at the start of each body paragraph.
- There will be only one thesis statement in each research paper; however, the number of topic sentences will be determined by the number of body paragraphs.
- The topic sentence informs your reader about the topic of the paragraph. A body paragraph should be assigned to each argument in your thesis.
Steps on writing a topic sentence
Topic sentences are developed throughout the writing process . Follow these steps to ensure that each topic sentence and paragraph supports your thesis statement.
Step 1 – Create a thesis statement
Thesis statement example.
....(introduction starts) ....(introduction continues) ....(introduction continues) By regulating blood sugar, lowering refined food intake, and restricting excessive protein intake, the ketogenic diet may help to reduce the prevalence of illness. Thesis statement, which is usually the last sentence of your introduction
Step 2 – Create an outline and start writing topic sentences
Next, sketch out the outline of your paper, including what you’ll say in each paragraph and what evidence you’ll use.
- The topic sentences should be more precise than the thesis statement, but they should always be connected to it.
Topic sentence example
Step 3 – enrich your arguments with evidence.
The rest of the paragraph should follow the topic sentence and build on it with facts, examples, or reasoning.
- Everything you write should be related to the topic sentence’s main idea. In other words, you can reference some research papers and statistics to back up your claim regarding the benefits of the ketogenic diet.
Evidence example
....(body paragraph starts) Compared to a low-fat diet, a ketogenic diet was related to reduced HbA1c levels, a measure of long-term blood sugar management, according to research published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (Westman et al., 2008). Evidence, which is usually the second sentence of your body paragraph ....(body paragraph continues)
Step 4 – Polish your topic sentences
The majority of topic sentences begin as basic assertions. However, you should edit them as you write to ensure that they correspond to the content of each paragraph.
- A good topic sentence is detailed enough to offer a clear idea of what to expect from the paragraph but it should not be so detailed to reveal everything.
Types and examples of topic sentences
It’s helpful to understand the many forms of a topic sentence before learning how to write one. We’ll go through the different categories and give some examples of topic sentences.
Simple statement
The most basic form of a topic sentence is this one, in which the author makes a broad assertion upon which the rest of the paragraph elaborates.
Simple statement topic sentence example
There are several reasons why India has the worst pollution levels in the world. Simple statement topic sentence ....(body paragraph continues)
Question form (Interrogative)
As long as you don’t steer away from the subject, starting a paragraph with a question is a wonderful approach to get the reader engaged and involved.
Question form topic sentence example
How many countries have plans in place to deal with rising sea levels? Question form topic sentence ....(body paragraph continues)
Complex form
You might want to utilize a complex topic sentence if you have a complicated topic with numerous concepts. Even though they are still considered “statements,” they include more than one primary point.
Complex form topic sentence example
While the Internet has provided many new opportunities for organizations, companies must now consider updating their cybersecurity systems more than ever before. Complex form topic sentence ....(body paragraph continues)
Transitional form
While all topic sentences must deal with transitions to some extent, they can also be simply transitional in some circumstances. These are most effective when the topic shifts dramatically, as they bring attention to the transition (also see transition words and phrases ).
Transitional form topic sentence example
If a random apple had not fallen upon the head of a young Isaac Newton, the world would not be the way it is today. Transitional form topic sentence ....(body paragraph continues)
Pique the reader’s attention with a hook
A “hook,” or anything that makes people want to read more, is frequently included in good topic sentences. While some are more frequent than others, there are a number of techniques to entice your readers:
Surprising findings
Despite the massive turnout, only 1% of the teams were able to finish the first task.
Mysterious questions
What eventually persuaded the senator to change his mind?
Emotional appeal
Find a balance between general and specific.
Learning how much to include and how much to leave for the rest of the paragraph is one of the most difficult aspects of creating topic sentences. You should:
- Explain just enough so that the reader understands what the paragraph is about and, perhaps, becomes intrigued.
- Everything else may be saved for the supporting sentences.
Clarity is the most crucial aspect of topic sentences. Even if you pique the reader’s interest and make them want to read more, it won’t matter if they don’t understand what they’re reading. Make use of common academic words , active and passive voice , and verb tenses to be more clear.
Reminders and helpful hints
- To keep your reader engaged, give your topic sentence a clever hook.
- Use the topic sentence to connect a new paragraph to the paper’s thesis statement.
- To break up the monotony of style, make the topic sentence a question.
- To connect two paragraphs, use transitions in your topic sentence.
If you follow these steps and tips, writing excellent topic sentences won’t be too hard. Feel free to analyze our essay samples before writing your paper.
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How to write a topic sentence for a research paper
Even if you have never properly written an essay, you should know what a topic sentence is, because it’s one of the first sentences written. If your essay is poorly written, it is usually because it’s the most important thing you have forgotten by the time you reach the end of your first paragraph. The focus it provides is essential to an organized essay. Don’t allow for this to happen!
Keep it topical
- Make sure you have a topic that is worth discussing. Typically current events are a good choice, because their will be plenty of information to be found.
- Vet your sources. Your topic and thesis won’t be valid if your information is inaccurate, so make sure you have credible sources to prevent becoming irrelevant.
The topic sentence will not only help you, the writer, keep your focus. It will also help the reader identify what your focus is.
Here’s the anatomy of a topic sentence.
- Aside from stating the topic, this sentence will also have an emphasis, something specific that will show your focus for this paragraph.
- This emphasis will hint at as well as support your thesis.
- Factual evidence needs to begin to be presented.
A good topic sentence has earned the reader’s interest and succinctly tied in with the thesis. But you also need to start presenting some factual evidence for the sake of validity.
Where are you going with this?
- Begin to indicate where you sourced your information from and how it supports your thesis.
- You have to be able to justify your argument, so make sure your evidence and your argument are in synch.
The most difficult part of writing a solid topic sentence for an essay is staying focused with the understanding that you will have several pieces of evidence.
Be “specifically vague”
- Organization plays a key role in writing a solid essay, and it starts, well, from the start.
- Whether or not you believe you control your own destiny, when it comes to your essay, take advantage of knowing where you are going, for once in your life.
- Having the information/evidence you will use to prove your argument is everything. It lets you know where, (and how far) you are going.
- This knowledge gives you the control to decide how to phrase your topic sentence and measure the tone and timing it will create.
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Help Me Write a Topic Sentence for a Research Paper Properly
Introduction.
Of all the types of sentences in the world, none has been more the bane of students all over the world than the topic sentence. Topic sentences have a large complicated role to fill and they are often quite esoteric. There are two types of topic sentences, the thesis statement, and the individual topic sentences for each paragraph. Topic sentences have a specific purpose, and they must be planned with thought and care. It should also be known that topic sentences have different rules as their scope changes. The rules of a thesis statement are not quite the same as the rule of a paragraph topic sentence for each individual paragraph.
Purpose of a Topic Sentence
Topic sentences are very important. It might seem that an astute reader could deduce the topic of a paragraph by reading it or simply looking at the title, but this is the fast track to ignoring the richness of what a topic sentence has to offer. The first thing about topic sentences is that they are there to give each paragraph a sense of identity, as well as insure that you, as the author, have no illusions of what a paragraph is going to be about. Without a clear topic, it is possible that a paragraph will veer into tangential territory, and this is no good.
The Thesis Statement
Thesis statements are notoriously tricky, as they are like topic sentences for an entire paper. All of your topic sentences must somehow relate to the thesis statement, and yet the thesis statement can never be as broad as be able to be construed as meaningless. A thesis statement is what your paper is, more or less. Your thesis statement is just that, a statement, with the whole paper as evidence and backup showing that your thesis is true. Therefore, you must choose a thesis statement that encompasses everything you are planning to talk about.
Paragraph Topic Sentences
Paragraph Topic sentences are a bit different. Instead of being broad and sweeping, paragraph topic sentences should be rather limiting in scope. They should come as the first or second sentence in a paragraph, perhaps after a transitional or introductory sentence. In any case, it is the job of a topic sentence to keep you invested in the paragraph. What is being talked about, and why is this interesting and relevant? That is the question that your topic sentence should be striving to answer.
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Topic Sentence Generator – Free & Fast Tool
A vital element of any text is topic sentences in the introduction and body paragraphs. Your ideas should be structured for readers to understand the central thesis and its supporting arguments. Well-formulated topic sentences perform this function: aid in understanding the essay's logic. Use our essay topic sentence generator to create a compelling beginning for each paragraph.
- 📍 All About the Tool
- ✍️ How to Write a Topic Sentence
🧩 Parts of a Topic Sentence
- 🎬 Topic Sentence Starters
🔗 References
📍 topic sentence generator – what is it.
Our topic sentence generator for essays and research papers is a free online tool that will help students formulate an excellent topic sentence for their writing.
What Is a Topic Sentence?
A topic sentence is the first sentence of a paragraph that conveys the general concept or theme of the work.
It includes enough information to support numerous subtopics and examples but doesn't obscure the purpose of the text. A strong topic sentence is brief , powerful , and emphasizes critical thought with supporting information.
- The positioning of the topic sentence varies depending on the author's intentions. Starting with the topic sentence guides readers to the key message immediately.
- When significant details lead to a generalization, it is sensible to place the topic sentence at the end of the paragraph.
The Purpose of a Topic Sentence
A topic sentence's purpose is to direct the reader to the subject of the paragraph . It presents the particular issue of the text section and relates to the essay's thesis statement . Moreover, topic sentences structure an essay by dividing it into key points.
Topic Sentence Vs. Thesis
Although the topic and thesis statements should be precise, concise, and explicit, they differ:
✍️ How to Write a Body Paragraph Topic Sentence
There are four practical steps you have to take to create a solid topic sentence .
Determine the main idea of the paragraph . To write a topic sentence, you must understand the subject matter of your paper. A thesis statement will help you identify the fundamental concept of the paragraph.
Create a statement . Creating a statement that includes what and why questions and leads to your core idea is essential. You must describe the issue and explain why it is crucial.
Formulate the topic sentence . Write a statement that introduces the subtopic of a particular paragraph and leads readers back to the thesis statement. You can keep using the what and why structure as you write new topic sentences for each section.
Add transitions between paragraphs . Topic sentences should also establish a throughline in your research paper by drawing on the previous sections. Utilize transition words to refer to the previous paragraph while heading to the next section.
A topic sentence consists of 2 parts:
- The topic . This is the paragraph's subject, indicating what the paragraph is about.
- The controlling idea. This is the point that leads to the supporting arguments and limits its scope.
Here are some examples from our topic sentence generator with the topics in bold and the controlling ideas in italic .
A Good Topic Sentence Features
A solid topic sentence has the following features:
- Novelty . A good topic sentence is well-focused on a fresh concept since it always provides new information for the reader.
- Specificity . If the beginning of a paragraph is too broad, the reader will be confused about what to expect next.
- Strength . The topic sentence should provide explicit and unambiguous information.
🎬 Essay Topic Sentence Starters
Some of the most powerful words in writing are those opening a sentence, for they introduce the mood of the sentence. We have prepared some catchy starters that you can use as your opening phrases:
- Views on …. range from...
- Emphasized are...
- Here, we discuss...
- The key aspect discussed...
- The central theme...
- The issue focused on...
- As shown below...
- Resulting from this...
- While this may be true...
- Latest research corroborates the view that...
- The focus of discussion is...
- The premise of (the topic) is based on...
- The supposition drawn from this is that...
- There is growing support for the notion that...
- The data gathered in the study strongly suggests that...
- Leading to the supposition that...
- The source suggests...
- A sensible idea would be to...
Thank you for reading this article! If you have already written your topic sentence, try our free concluding sentence maker .
❓ Topic Sentence Generator FAQ
- The topic of the paragraph;
- The controlling idea of the paragraph.
- How to Write a Topic Sentence (With Examples and Tips) | Indeed.com
- The Topic Sentence | SEA - Supporting English Acquisition
- What Are Good Sentence Starters for Essays? | Grammarly
- Tips on Writing a Thesis Statement | Writing Center
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This page contains a free essay topic sentence generator that will help you create a killing first phrase for each paragraph. A topic sentence is a vital element of any text, as it structures your arguments and introduces the body paragraph. Find here a fast and effective generator as well as helpful tips on how to formulate an impressive topic sentence.
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How To Write A Brilliant Topic Sentence For Your Research Paper
The main goal of the topic sentence is to state the main purpose of the paragraph. It is not necessary for this sentence to be the first sentence of the paragraph. There are times when it will only be implied or it will be in other parts of the paragraph but regardless of where it lies, the idea is to make it brilliant so that your reader knows the point that you are trying to make.
The main task of a research paper is to explore and identify issues. When you are developing your paper, you would want to make sure that you create an outline. The ideas that you write about in your outline will likely become the main topics that you will discuss in your topic sentences for each of the various paragraphs.
Here are some things to remember when you are writing topic sentences for your paper:
- Make sure that it identifies the point or main idea that you are trying to portray in the paragraph.
- It should be like a one sentence summary of the article. Not too specific or too general.
- It will likely be the first sentence of the paragraph or close to the first sentence because it will explain why you are writing the paragraph.
- It should not just simply state that you are going to talk about something. You should be clear without being explicit.
- You should get the attention of your reader and make them want to continue reading by making it exciting and intriguing.
- You may end up describing a character, using dialogue, portraying an emotion, or using detail to attract and describe what the paragraph is going to be about.
- Don’t use rhetorical questions when writing your topic sentence. You don’t want to formulate questions for your audience.
The main idea of writing the topic sentence is to give the reader an idea of what the paragraph is going to be about. Think of it as the introduction for your paragraph. You wouldn’t write a paper without an introduction so you wouldn’t write a paragraph without introducing your topic as well.
There are several ways to tackle the art of creating a topic sentence for your paragraphs. It should describe what your paragraph is going to be about. Be sure to make it interesting so that your reading wants to continue reading.
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- Writing Topic Sentences for Research Paper
Writing Topic Sentences for a research paper
Each paragraph in the research paper consists of Topic sentences. Paragraphs are topic sentence that helps in summarizing important information in each section of the research paper. You can express your main idea about paragraphs by writing a topic sentence.
The two main elements of topic sentences are:
- Topic of paragraph
- The main point of the paragraph
You can utilize topic sentences for establishing a smooth transition between different paragraphs. The topic sentence will help you in showing the interrelationship between different paragraphs.
How to Write Good Topic Sentences for Research Paper?
At the time of writing a research paper , The 4 steps you need to follow for ensuring that each paragraph and topic sentence represents the main arguments are:
Step 1: Write a thesis statement:
An initial step for developing the topic sentence is to write a strong thesis statement . It is a thesis statement in a research paper that comprises a summary of the objectives and main arguments of the academic paper.
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Example of thesis statement: Food wastage is one of the important environmental problems. There is a great requirement of bringing improvement in the system of food production and consumption. Step 2: Write an outline of the essay and topic sentence:
It is a step where you need to write an essay structure. In simple words, it means that you should develop a plan for the topic which you want to cover in every paragraph.
While writing a topic sentence, you should make sure that it is clear and more specific. A topic sentence must be relevant to the thesis statement.
An example of Topic Sentence: A finding of investigation reveals that the food sector has a great environmental effect.
Step 3: Explanation of Point along with evidence
This is a step where you need to provide examples and evidence for supporting your arguments. In simple words, you should expand the main point of the paragraph. It is the best technique that will help you in making paragraphs more relevant.
While writing a paragraph you need to make sure that the content you are writing is linked to the main idea which you have written in the topic sentence.
For Example: “You can include the statistics and related arguments from existing literature for supporting point that is the effect of the food sector on the environment”
Step 4: Refining topic sentence
You can begin the topic sentence by just writing a simple statement. It is very much important to revise the statement. This technique will help you in ensuring that the content of every paragraph matches the topic sentence.
The characteristic of a good topic sentence is that it is highly specific. It means that a good topic sentence provides a clear sense related to the content in the paragraph.
An excellent topic sentence represents the direction of arguments. It is very much important for you to ensure a proper link between different paragraphs in the research paper. In simple words, you should make sure that all the paragraphs in the research paper are arranged properly and logically.
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Topic sentences as transitions between paragraphs:
The following things which topic sentence might do include:
1. Expansion of the point : If you are providing more detail about the topic in a paragraph or providing examples, in such case topic sentence utilizes words like in fact, indeed, furthermore, etc.
For Example: Production of processed food is mainly responsible for wastage of raw food items.
2. Summarization and anticipation: If in case, you have included the different aspects of the subject in a paragraph. In such a situation the transition sentence will provide a summary of the existing paragraph. A transition word represents the new information that you are going to include in a paragraph.
Example: While processed food item has a negative effect on the health of people, a chemical used during farming has great influence in relation to the use of land, water.
3. Comparison: In case you have made a comparison between the two things then in such case transition sentence utilize words such as difference, yet, however, in contrast, etc.
Example: “However, farming is more sustainable as compared to the production and processing of food using machinery”
How to write a topic sentence for a body paragraph?
In many cases, you can utilize the topic sentences for indicating the purpose and main point of different paragraphs at a point in time. Examples are given above related to the environmental effect of the food sector vs. farming. When these examples are combined they can become topics for argument. So you can start a paragraph by writing topic sentences.
Example :Topic sentence representing different paragraphs- “In nations where people highly consume processed food items, move towards a plant-based diet for living a healthy life. Findings of the investigation show that the food industry has a great influence on the environment”
Where does the research paper topic sentence go?
You need to write a topic sentence at the beginning of a paragraph. In a few cases, the topic sentences can be included in the paragraph. It is the technique that you can utilize for representing the change of argument direction in a paragraph.
For example: The food sector has influence ion environment. Consumers only have the option to eat natural food items rather than processed food products. In a few circumstances, the environmental cost of choices related to food is not clear. Farming is considered to be more appropriate for producing food.
In the first sentence, we see that this paragraph will be about the evidence supporting a point. The second sentence shows how these points are backed up by more specific examples in later paragraphs of the paper.
The beginning sentences summarize key ideas and then provide an overview of what is to come next: providing strong backing with detailed descriptions as well as interesting anecdotes showing why it happened or explaining events that have transpired.
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Journal Buddies Jill | September 14, 2022 March 30, 2022 | Writing by Grade Level
30 Examples of Topic Sentences (by grade level)
Yes! You are invited to use our tips for writing topic sentences as well as the examples of topic sentences listed below to help your students perfect their paragraph writing skills.
Writing a Good Topic Sentence
From the time young students begin to learn to write their own sentences, they start to understand that every paragraph has a structure.
As they progress throughout elementary school, into middle school, and go onto high school, they build upon the skills that they have learned, and they realize that the topic sentence sets the stage for all of their writing.
It doesn’t matter what type of writing your students are working on, they are going to need to know how to create strong, informative topic sentences that introduce the concept that will be discussed in their paragraph.
Elementary students begin to work on simple topic sentences as they work on their first paragraphs.
Middle school students learn that their topic sentence must express the main idea of the paragraph.
High school students are often writing topic sentences that are complex and detailed and that allows them to expound upon an in-depth topic within the body of the paragraph.
Purpose of a Topic Sentence
In addition to crafting strong topic sentences, students also need to realize that the first sentence of a paragraph must also be interesting and inviting.
You see…
They are literally pulling the reader in and encouraging them to learn more by reading the following sentence.
Every sentence that follows the topic sentence must support the overall theme and a well-developed and effective topic sentence will allow the paragraph to practically write itself. Further, writers will need to pay close attention to the content of a paragraph and to the transitions they use from the previous paragraph to the next.
Tips for Writing Topic Sentences
Initially, students may find it challenging to write a topic sentence in their own writing that captivates the attention of their reader.
Here are some tips and guidelines that can help them write their best topic sentences:
- Have your students start the process by writing down the topic that they want to discuss in their paragraph.
- Encourage them to write a simple sentence that introduces the main idea of their paragraph.
- Ask them to write down three ideas, examples, or arguments that support their topic sentence.
- Then, tell them to push their boundaries by rewriting the original topic sentence in order to grab the attention of the reader.
- Finally, show them examples of topic sentences that they can use for inspiration.
Examples of Topic Sentences for Elementary School Students
Elementary students often write simple topic sentences that focus solely on the main idea of the paragraph. Some examples of topic sentences for this age group include:
- When we had a snow day, I made snow angels, drank hot cocoa, and went sledding.
- Students should not have to do homework because it takes a lot of time.
- If you like going to the park, then you will love playing in the splash pad.
- Since I started first grade, I have learned about maps, explorers, and communities.
- My favorite ice cream flavor is banana chocolate chip because it is sweet and delicious.
- Goldfish make a great first pet for young children.
- Riding my bicycle is my favorite after school activity.
- I believe that the most important classroom rule is to listen closely to the teacher.
- Science is the most interesting subject in school.
Middle School Examples of Topic Sentences
By middle school, students should begin to write more well-developed topic sentences that outline exactly what will be discussed in the following paragraph. Some examples of topic sentences for middle school students include:
- When playing basketball on a team, there are several rules that you will need to follow.
- Making an ice cream sundae is easy and fun, as long as you follow these simple steps.
- If you want to avoid getting a cold, you should take some of these precautions.
- The three-toed sloth is a fascinating animal with many unique features.
- When I went to the museum, I learned about the pharaohs of Ancient Egypt.
- The best rides at the amusement park are the rollercoasters that go upside down.
- Although some people think tacos are the most delicious meal, I personally prefer to eat pasta.
- While there are differences between taking a beach vacation and a ski trip, there are some similarities as well.
- On my first day of middle school, I quickly realized that it was going to be very different from my elementary years.
Examples of Topic Sentences for High School Students
In high school, students have perfected the art of writing a complete topic sentence and they begin creating more complex and intricate sentences that they can use to anchor the entire paragraph. Some examples of topic sentences for high school students include:
- When I sat down to dinner with my grandmother, I knew that I was going to learn so much more about her past.
- College admissions officers should be considering more than grades; they should also be reviewing a student’s interests, job experience, and extra-curricular activities.
- Climate change is a complex issue that is being caused by a variety of factors.
- As high school students, it is our responsibility to set a good example for younger children who look up to us.
- Learning a new language allows you to connect with people from another culture, to boost your reading and writing skills, and to improve your memory function.
- In this book, the main character learned more about who she was by pushing her boundaries and trying new things.
- For me, ice skating has always been a way to stay active, express myself, and connect with other people who love the sport.
- On our senior trip, we volunteered with a local organization to clean up the nearby parks, and it was a rewarding experience that taught me the value of hard work and giving back to the community.
- The best place to do your homework and prepare for exams is the local coffee shop, because it offers a quiet atmosphere and plenty of caffeine.
A Few Closing Thoughts
With the right examples of topic sentences, you can help your students discover that the paragraph writing process is anything but boring. Whether they’re writing a narrative essay, contrast essay, or a college entrance essay, strong topic sentences set the tone for the rest of the paragraph.
When they practice their skills and learn how to write compelling and effective topic sentences, they will realize the power that their words can hold. They might even discover that writing is fun! As long as they keep on writing, their writing will continue to improve!
Related Links & Resources
- Paragraph Writing Topics
- Technical Writing for High School Students
- Teaching Paragraph Writing: Topic Sentences
Until next time, keep on writing…
If you enjoyed these Examples of Topic Sentences by Grade Level, please share them on Facebook, Twitter, and/or Pinterest. I appreciate it!
Sincerely, Jill journalbuddies.com creator and curator
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How to Write a Research Paper Outline In 7 Steps
A research paper outline is a supporting document that lists all the topics to include in a paper in the intended order, usually divided by paragraphs. The typical outline of a research paper also consists of other details like subtopics and evidential sources to help the writer stay organized. Some even have individual sentence topics and early ideas for phrasing.
Want to know how to write a research paper outline? This guide explains step by step what to include and how to write one yourself, including research paper outline examples.
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What is a research paper outline?
The outline is an integral part of how to write a research paper . The main purpose of a research paper outline is to structure the topics, data, and all other inclusions in the paper (like direct quotes) so you stay organized and don’t forget anything.
Conventionally, writers compose outlines after choosing a thesis statement and sourcing research evidence, but before writing the first draft . Making structural changes is far more efficient in the outlining phase than after you write the first draft; you can remove certain topics early on without wasting time writing them and add new topics before the drafting phase so you can write everything all at once.
The typical outline of a research paper is broken up into sections and paragraphs , listing each paragraph’s topic and the related evidence or data to include therein. The depth of detail can change depending on your writing style or the requirements of the paper, as we explain below.
Are there different kinds of research paper outlines?
In short, you decide what details to include in your research paper outline, although the requirements of the assignment influence what’s necessary. For example, a basic college research paper outline for a one-page assignment might contain only a list of four or five paragraph topics, whereas a formal research paper for a scientific study might outline each sentence in all five parts of a research paper: introduction, review of literature, methods, results, and discussion.
Research paper outlines can be one level, two level, and so on, depending on their intricacy. One-level outlines display just the section headings or main topics, while four-level outlines get very detailed with paragraph and sentence breakdowns.
There are three popular formats for research paper outlines: alphanumeric , full sentence , and decimal . Below, we’ll explain the details of each and illustrate their differences with the research paper outline examples, focused on the same topic: “Michael Jordan vs. LeBron James: Who’s the Best Basketball Player?”
Alphanumeric research paper outline
Alphanumeric is the most common outline format—with main topics listed as Roman numerals, subtopics as capital letters, specific points for each subtopic as Arabic numerals, and further details for individual points as lowercase letters.
You would write the information in quick blurbs—just a few words—instead of complete sentences.
Alphanumeric research paper outline example
I. Michael Jordan
A. Career Highlights
1. Six NBA Championships
a. Six NBA Finals MVP
2. US Olympics Basketball Team
a. 1984 Gold Medalist
b. 1992 Gold Medalist
3. Fourteen NBA All-Star Game selections
a. Three NBA All-Star Game MVP Awards
B. Achievements
1. Record-holder scoring average
a. Regular season (30.12 points per game)
b. Playoffs (33.45 points per game)
2. Other accolades
a. 1996 Space Jam
b. Owner of Charlotte Hornets
II. LeBron James
1. Four NBA Championships
a. Four NBA Finals MVP
a. 2008 Gold Medalist
b. 2012 Gold Medalist
3. Eighteen NBA All-Star Game selections
1. Philanthropy
a. LeBron James Family Foundation
b. Social activism
a. 2021 Space Jam
b. First player to accumulate $1 billion as an active player
III. Analysis and Discussion
A. Of course, Michael Jordan is better
Full-sentence research paper outline
Full-sentence research paper outlines have the same organization as alphanumeric outlines—with main topics listed as Roman numerals, subtopics as capital letters, subtopic points as Arabic numerals, and details for each point as lowercase letters.
However, the significant difference is that you would write the information in incomplete sentences instead of quick blurbs. The advantage is that your outline is more specific and easier to share with colleagues when working as a team. The disadvantage is that it takes a little longer to write.
Full-sentence research paper outline example
I. Michael Jordan is often considered the greatest basketball player of all time.
A. Jordan’s career in basketball is full of accomplishments and accolades.
1. During his career, Jordan won six NBA Championships.
a. Jordan was named NBA Finals MVP all six times he was eligible.
2. Jordan twice played for the US Olympics Basketball Team.
a. Jordan’s first Olympics was in 1984 when he won the gold medal.
b. Jordan won a second gold medal as part of the 1992 “Dream Team.”
3. Jordan was selected to play in the NBA All-Star Game fourteen times.
a. Jordan won the NBA All-Star Game MVP Award three times.
B. Jordan’s legacy encompasses achievements on and off the court.
1. Jordan still holds a couple of significant records in the NBA.
a. Jordan holds the record for the highest average of points per game during the regular season (30.12 points per game).
b. Jordan also holds the record for the highest average of points per game in the playoffs (33.45 points per game).
2. Jordan has notable success even when not playing basketball.
a. Jordan starred in the original 1996 film Space Jam.
b. Today, Jordan owns the Charlotte Hornets.
II. LeBron James is often considered Jordan’s strongest rival for the greatest basketball player.
A. James’s career mimics, and in some cases surpasses, that of Jordan’s career.
1. During his career, James won four NBA Championships.
a. James was named NBA Finals MVP all four times he was eligible.
2. Like Jordan, James twice played for the US Olympics Basketball Team.
a. James won the 2008 gold medal as part of the US basketball team.
b. James won the gold medal again in 2012.
3. James was selected to play in the NBA All-Star Game eighteen times.
a. James won the NBA All-Star Game MVP Award three times.
B. James has a rich life outside of basketball as well.
1. More than Jordan, James is known for his philanthropic work.
a. James started the LeBron James Family Foundation charity.
b. James fearlessly took public stances on controversial social issues.
2. Aside from charity, James has a few other distinctions from his lifetime.
a. James starred in the 2021 Space Jam remake.
b. James is the first NBA player to accumulate $1 billion as a player.
III. Considering the highlights of both athletes’ careers, who is better?
A. Of course, Michael Jordan is better.
Decimal research paper outline
Decimal research paper outlines forgo the alphanumeric system and instead use a system of numbers with increasing decimal points—with main topics listed as whole numbers (1 or 1.0), subtopics with one decimal point (1.1), points under a subtopic with two decimal points (1.1.1), and further details with three decimal points (1.1.1.1).
Each new piece of information uses the subsequent number (1.1.1, 1.1.2, etc.), so you always know where you are in the outline. You would write the content for each line in quick blurbs, just like the original alphanumeric formal.
Decimal research paper outlines are the most thorough but can get complicated. They’re recommended for writers who prefer technical precision or for lengthy outlines with many topics and subtopics.
Decimal research paper outline example
1 Michael Jordan
1.1 Career Highlights
1.1.1. Six NBA Championships
1.1.2 US Olympics Basketball Team
1.1.3 Fourteen NBA All-Star Game selections
1.2 Achievements
1.2.1 Record-holder scoring average
1.2.2 Other accolades
2 LeBron James
2.1 Career Highlights
2.1.1 Four NBA Championships
2.1.2 US Olympics Basketball Team
2.1.3 Eighteen NBA All-Star Game selection
2.2 Achievements
2.2.1 Philanthropy
2.2.2 Other accolades
3 Analysis and Discussion
3.1 Of course, Michael Jordan is better
7 steps to follow when outlining a research paper
1 choose your thesis and gather sources.
Your outline is not the first step in writing a research paper. Before that, you first need to choose a thesis and then gather primary and secondary sources to back it up.
Your thesis is essentially what the research paper is about. Your thesis is given to you in some assignments, but sometimes, as with independent research, you’ll have to develop one on your own.
Once you’ve settled on a thesis, you’ll need evidence to support it. Collect all the relevant sources and data early on so that you know what to write about. Researching often reveals new aspects of your topic that you hadn’t known about before. It may dispel any misinterpretations you have—better to find out you’re wrong sooner rather than later. For help on how to cite your sources, use our free Citation Generator .
Keep in mind that the outline is just one part of writing a research paper. If you want to read more advice, take a look at our full guide on how to write a research paper .
2 Make a list of all the topics, subtopics, and points you want to cover
Go through your research and note each topic, subtopic, and supporting point. Be sure to keep related information together. Remember that everything you discuss in your paper should relate to your thesis, so omit anything that seems tangential.
If you’ve highlighted any specific passages or quotes from your sources, feel free to include them too. They aren’t necessary for all research paper outlines, but they save you time when you’re in the middle of writing your first draft.
3 Choose the best type of research paper outline for the assignment
Choose the type of research paper outline that best matches your topic, the assignment’s length, and the complexity of your paper. Simple papers only require simple outlines, but more advanced topics with lots of research can benefit from more detailed outlines.
Consider whether you’re sharing your outline with other team members or whether you’re writing it solo. Likewise, consider the length and amount of topics. The decimal format can help organize long papers, but feel free to stick with alphanumeric if it makes you comfortable.
4 Consider the structure and sequence of your topics
Before actually writing the research paper outline, think long and hard about the order in which you present your topics. What is the most logical sequence? What structure would communicate most clearly to your readers, who may be unfamiliar with these topics?
Keep in mind that some topics only make sense if they come after other topics. Before presenting new findings or revelations, you may want to add background or contextual information first. All other factors being equal, a chronological sequence is often the most logical structure.
5 Create the framework for your outline
Rather than writing your research paper outline entirely at once, start with just the framework. Try putting the main topics in order without yet including any subtopics or supporting points.
Starting with the framework gives you a clear look at the backbone of your research paper. Now would be a good time to rearrange the order if there’s a problem or add a new topic if you find something is missing. It’s never too late to go back and conduct more research to flesh out the areas you feel are lacking.
6 Add in more details
After you’re satisfied with the framework, go ahead and add the details. Most research paper outlines benefit from including the paragraph structure , so feel free to add lines about your topic sentence, development/support sentences, and conclusion for each paragraph.
If you want to get meticulous, you can add a few notes about sentence structure . Be careful of getting too detailed, though—otherwise, you’re writing a first draft instead of an outline!
7 Revise to improve structure
Finally, check your completed outline to see if there’s room for improvement. This is your last chance before you begin the first draft.
Double-check that all your topics are presented in the optimal order for your reader. Also, look over your research notes again to see if you’ve forgotten anything. Once your outline is the way you want it, it’s time to begin writing your research paper.
Research paper outline FAQs
What is a research paper outline.
A research paper outline is a supporting document that defines the structure of a research paper. The author creates the outline before the first draft to stay on track when writing .
How is a research paper outline structured?
Research paper outlines are generally divided into sections, paragraphs, and individual sentences or points. The amount of detail in a research paper outline varies depending on the writer’s style, the assignment requirements, and the complexity of the topic.
What are the different formats of research paper outlines?
Three popular formats for research paper outlines are alphanumeric , full sentence , and decimal .
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A Guide To Writing A Good Research Paper Summary
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Against the backdrop of a rapidly growing number of research papers being published, it is becoming increasingly important for researchers to know how to summarize a research paper effectively to make their work stand out among the noise. Writing a research paper summary is an important skill that will be put to use time and again in one’s academic career.
What is a research article summary and why is it important?
A research article summary is a concise and comprehensive overview of a research paper. A summary briefly restates the purpose, methods, findings, conclusions, and relevance of a study, faithfully recapitulating the major points of the work.
Summaries are useful because they inform readers of the key points of the original sources. Further, research paper summaries can be used to guide funding or policy decisions. Summaries are also important to promote one’s research to a wide audience; boiling down one’s work for a blog post is a good way to do this.
Most importantly, a well-written summary gives a good impression of the author’s understanding of the work: the quote “If you can’t explain it simply, you don’t understand it enough” rings true!
Structure and qualities of a good summary
A summary must be coherent and cogent and should make sense as a stand-alone piece of writing. It is typically 5% to 10% of the length of the original paper; however, the length depends on the length and complexity of the article and the purpose of the summary. Accordingly, a summary can be several paragraphs or pages, a single paragraph, or even just a sentence.
One-sentence summaries are becoming popular for promoting one’s research via social media. A one-sentence summary should be engaging, include the key points, and be within the recommended character/word limit (e.g., 280 characters for Twitter).
In a one-paragraph summary, each supporting point is addressed in a separate sentence (see Fig. 1).
In a multi-paragraph summary, each point is described in a separate paragraph. Such summaries generally have the following structure (the headings may vary):
- Introduction: This begins with an overview of the article and ends with the main idea and hypothesis statement.
- Body paragraphs: The number of paragraphs in the summary depends on the length of the original article. Each paragraph focuses on a separate main idea and the most important aspects of the study.
- Concluding paragraph: This distils the main idea and the overarching significance of the article.
How to summarize a research paper
The approach for writing a full-scale research article is quite different from that for creating a succinct, digestible version of that very article. A summary should be written objectively and in a way that covers the article in sufficient detail—accurately yet briefly—to allow a reader to quickly absorb its significance.
3.1 Do some groundwork
- Skim the article to get a rough idea of each section and the significance of the content.
- Read the paper in more depth. Annotate the paper, marking or underlining key points, important phrases, and major headings and subheadings.
- Jot down notes on the major points and explanations (these notes should be in your voice; avoid lifting exact sentences from the article, even when taking rough notes).
- Organize your notes into an outline that includes main points but excludes examples or details like numbers and statistics.
- Assemble a skeleton draft by bringing together key evidence and notes from each paragraph/section.
3.2 Put it together Start with an introductory paragraph that introduces the main idea. Put together similar ideas/concepts/findings in separate paragraphs. Use transition words and phrases for a smooth flow and to connect similar ideas. Make logical connections when dealing with cause and effect, comparison and contrast, and sequential order. Remember to use your own words. If you realize you are inadvertently using text from the original, go back to the notes you took in the previous step and build on them.
Sentences might be of the following tone and structure:
“In this study, we report (argue/demonstrate) that ____ (main idea).” “A survey on ____ revealed ____.” “_________________ (the topic) has major implications for ____.”
In the end, the article’s conclusion should appear in one sentence, e.g., “Our results emphasize that…” or “This study unravels …”
Once the summary is drafted, it should be checked against the original article to ensure that no essential information has been left out.
A checklist of dos and don’ts
- Respect word limits provided.
- Make sure you are not deviating from the overall picture.
- Use an objective and impersonal tone.
- Be concise. Avoid using padding phrases like “in other words.”
- Revise your final draft thoroughly and proofread it carefully.
- Use the same sentences from the paper. Instead use your own voice and paraphrase carefully.
- Use too much technical jargon.
- Add anything new. Findings that do not appear in the main text should not make their way into the summary.
- Be afraid to use the first person and/or active voice.
Practice makes perfect
Mastering the skill of summarizing articles has other benefits too. Writing research paper summaries need not be limited to one’s own work. A researcher might be asked to write a summary of someone else’s paper as part of a critique. It is a good practice to write summaries of articles in the literature survey and research planning stages. These summaries can serve as condensed versions of a wealth of information on a particular topic to help one understand studies dealing with the same subject. Writing such summaries for yourself will help you hone the technique and soon, you will be summarizing your own work effortlessly!
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Research Paper Title Maker
Welcome to our free research paper title generator. Generate a list of catchy and creative topics for an essay or research paper for free.
Want to generate a topic for a paper online? Try our research paper title maker! It will create for you a list of beautiful ideas in 3 simple steps:
Please try again with some different keywords.
- 👍🏽 The Tool’s Benefits
- 👣 Steps to Make a Research Title
🔗 References
👍🏽 research paper topic generator: 4 benefits.
Throughout your academic life, you will write a few major papers. They will form you as a researcher and, most likely, define your future career. Meanwhile, the topics you select usually reflect your interests, making the paper a tiny part of your personality.
But as long as you brainstorm ideas, you will be limited to what you already know. This research paper topic generator will help you think outside the box and find a unique and intellectually intriguing topic.
Here are some benefits to consider:
👣 Making a Research Title: 3 Steps
Everything seems complicated when there’s no plan. How to create a catchy paper title when you don’t know where to start? Once you answer this question, the brainstorming process turns from a daunting task into an exciting mental trip.
Step 1: Brainstorm Your Topic
- List your interests. You’ll spend a while working on the paper, and in the case of a thesis, it will take up to two years. Which conclusion should you draw from this fact? Some interests come and go, but many stay with us. Make a list of such long-term fascinations that will keep you inspired.
- Recall which topics you enjoyed writing about in the past. Have there been any papers you enjoyed writing? If yes, ponder on the reasons that made them so exciting for you. Besides, building a new research proposal on a previously explored topic is always a good idea, especially if your supervisor does not mind.
- What are the current hot-button issues in your field? Enter the most related keywords and review the top results in academic databases ( EBSCO or JSTOR ). It will give you an idea of what other researchers are working on and which literature you will have at hand.
- Are there any gaps in the research? Consider the spheres containing many unanswered questions. But beware of topics that are absent in the available literature. You will struggle with finding reference materials.
- Think about your career perspectives. Which organizations do you plan to apply for a job after graduation? Many of them will ask about your coursework. Try to adjust the title to your future needs. Even if you don’t want to become a researcher, the knowledge you acquire while working on the paper can help you in your professional life.
- Consult your tutor. It goes without saying that your tutor has a more significant bulk of knowledge than you. Ask them for ideas that deserve investigating. In any case, you can invent your own topic on their basis.
- Shortlist the good variants. The more variants at hand, the more difficult the choice will be. Leave up to 10 best formulations and proceed to the next step.
Step 2: Narrow the Topic down
- Cross out threadbare questions. Well-researched topics are not the best choice. For instance, writing something new about Chaucer or Shakespeare is hard. But contemporary authors are usually less analyzed. On the other hand, nobody expects you to make a breakthrough, and a generalization of previous findings is also necessary for science. So, the advice is to find the perfect balance between under-researched and over-researched topics.
- Select a research supervisor whose interests intersect with your shortlisted topics. We are all human. You will get less attention and advice if your tutor is uninterested in your topic. But that’s not the only reason. Shared interests presuppose that the professor in question has read into the subject matter and, most likely, far more than you. It is an exceptional benefit since they will suggest worthwhile literature to narrow your research. Be open and sincere. Approach the tutor and say, “I heard that you are interested in the issues of early ADHD treatment . I would also like to research this sphere. Could you please be my supervisor?”
- Discuss your top-3 variants with the supervisor. Now it’s time to pick the topic that will do for both of you. You will surely agree on one of them. Otherwise, the tutor will suggest their list of available issues (some of them usually prepare it for students who didn’t find their own).
Step 3: Formulate a Question
- Research the final topic. Understanding the subject matter specifics will give you an outline of the correct formulation. Your textbooks, web databases, specialized journals , and other research materials will come in handy here. As you look them through, make notes indicating where you found such or other information. It will save you much time during the work on the paper itself.
- Make up a list of research questions. Don’t worry about the beauty of form at this point. Write down as many as possible, but up to 10 will suffice. It is a good idea to approach the same question from different perspectives, as you will know which is better later. The only rule at this stage is to stay concise.
- Which of them will you manage to answer? Mind that the question should not just meet your interests and preferences. You should be able to answer it and support it with reputable sources. Apart from that, consider the time and practical resources you may need to achieve the goal. Finally, do you have enough skills and knowledge to succeed in answering it without much help?
- Formulate the final version of the research question. We insistently recommend you go through this last sub-step with your supervisor. There’s a big chance your formulation will be approved “as is,” but in most cases, they will suggest some improvements. Follow their advice as they know what they are talking about.
Thank you for reading this article! We hope that this research title maker is useful for you. You are welcome to try other free tools we offer: thesis statement helper , word changer , summarizer , and conclusion generator .
❓ Research Paper Title Maker: FAQ
How to introduce your topic in a research paper.
To answer this question, you should know how to write a good introduction. You can introduce your topic in the following components:
- A hook to attract the reader’s attention (something exciting about the subject);
- Relevant background (how the problem you research emerged);
- A thesis statement (the research question you formulated above).
Which Topic Would Be Most Appropriate for a Four- to Five-page Research Paper?
Four to five pages are not enough for in-depth research but too long for an argumentative essay. That’s why the most appropriate examples for the purpose would be those covering one aspect of a broad issue:
- What were the demographic consequences of the Great Depression?
- Which cultural changes has the 3 rd wave of Feminism brought?
- What are the effects of early marriages on a country’s economy?
What Is a Good Research Paper Topic?
A good research paper topic gives the reader an insight into what the paper explores but does not directly answer the research question. Unlike a thesis statement, it reveals as little information as possible while providing a general idea of the contents. It may be intriguing and even ambiguous.
How to Write a Topic Sentence for a Research Paper?
A topic sentence is the first sentence of each paragraph in the main body. It informs the reader on what the passage will cover. It also makes your paper more reader-friendly and structured. Directly present the paragraph’s main argument (you will add the supporting arguments later).
- Developing a Research Topic .
- Developing a Topic & Formulating a Research Question .
- Narrowing a Topic and Developing a Research Question .
- Finding and formulating your topic – SAGE Publications Ltd .
- How to Establish a Research Topic: 12 Steps (with Pictures) .
Persuasive Essay
Research paper example • How to write a term paper
Sunday, December 4, 2022
Good topic sentences for persuasive essays.
Jun 19, · List of Good Persuasive Essay Topics Ethics. Should there be limits to free speech? Should students be required to perform community service to graduate high Select good persuasive essay topics that intrigue the reader’s curiosity and make them read the essay. Avoid selecting a topic that is too broad and narrow. Identify your audience and Aug 25, · In the list below, we have included some of the most relevant and interesting persuasive speech topics—divided into categories: Persuasive Essay Topics for Kids I
Top Good Persuasive Essay Topics [Tips & Prompts]
Published good topic sentences for persuasive essays January 21, by Shona McCombes. Revised on July 27, good topic sentences for persuasive essays , Every paragraph in your paper needs a topic sentence. The topic sentence expresses what the paragraph is about. It should include two key things:. To build a well-structured argument, you can also use your topic sentences to transition smoothly between paragraphs and show the connections between your points. Table of contents Writing strong topic sentences Topic sentences as transitions between paragraphs Topic sentences that introduce more than one paragraph Where does the topic sentence go?
Frequently asked questions about topic sentences. To make sure every topic sentence and paragraph serves your argument, good topic sentences for persuasive essays these steps. The first step to developing your topic sentences is to make sure you have a strong thesis statement. The thesis statement sums up the purpose and argument of the whole paper. At this stage, you can draft a topic sentence that sums up the main point you want to make in each paragraph. The topic sentences should be more specific than the thesis statement, but always clearly related to it.
Research has consistently shown that the meat industry has a significant environmental impact. The rest of the paragraph should flow logically from the topic sentence, expanding on the point with evidence, examples, or argumentation. This helps keep your paragraphs focused: everything you write should relate to the central idea expressed in the topic sentence. In our example, you might mention specific research studies and statistics that support your point about the overall impact of the meat industry. Topic sentences usually start out as simple statements. You can think of it like a signpost: it should tell the reader which direction your argument is going in.
To make your writing stronger and ensure the connections between your paragraphs are clear and logical, you can also use topic sentences to create smooth transitions. As you write each topic sentence, ask yourself: how does this point relate to what you wrote in the preceding paragraph? If the paragraph goes into more detail or gives another example to make the same point, the topic sentence can use words that imply emphasis or similarity for example, furthermoreindeedin factalso. Indeedcattle farming alone is responsible for a large proportion of greenhouse gas emissions. If the paragraph turns to a different aspect of the same subject, the topic sentence can briefly sum up the previous paragraph and anticipate the new information that will appear in this one.
While beef clearly has the most dramatic footprint, other animal products also have serious impacts in terms of emissions, water and land use. If the paragraph makes a comparison or introduces contrasting information, the topic sentence can use words that highlight difference or conflict for example, in contrasthoweveryeton the other hand. Howeverthe environmental costs of dietary choices are not always clear-cut; in some cases, good topic sentences for persuasive essays , small-scale livestock farming is more sustainable than plant-based food production. You can also imply contrast or complicate your argument by formulating the topic sentence as a question, good topic sentences for persuasive essays .
Is veganism the only solution, or are there more sustainable ways of producing meat and dairy? Scribbr editors not only correct grammar and spelling mistakes, but also strengthen your writing by making sure your paper is free of vague language, redundant words and awkward phrasing. See editing example. All of the examples above address the environmental impact of meat-eating versus veganism. Together, they make up one coherent part of a larger argument, good topic sentences for persuasive essays , so the first paragraph could use a topic sentence to introduce the whole section.
In countries with high levels of meat consumption, a move towards plant-based diets is the most obvious route to making food more sustainable. Research has consistently shown that the meat industry has significant environmental impacts. However, the environmental costs of dietary choices are not always clear-cut; in some cases, small-scale livestock farming is more sustainable than plant-based food production. In this example, the first sentence summarizes the main point that has been made so far. Then the topic sentence indicates that this paragraph will address evidence that complicates or contradicts that point.
In more advanced or creative forms of academic writing, you can play with the placement of topic sentences to build suspense and give your arguments more force, good topic sentences for persuasive essays . But if in doubt, to keep your paper clear and focused, the easiest method is to place the topic sentence at the start of the paragraph. View topic sentences in an example essay. A topic sentence is a sentence that expresses the main point of a paragraph. Everything else in the paragraph should relate to the topic sentence. Topic sentences help keep good topic sentences for persuasive essays writing focused and guide the reader through your argument. In an essay or papereach paragraph should focus on a single idea. By stating the main idea in the topic sentence, you clarify what the paragraph is about for both yourself and your reader.
The topic sentence usually comes at the very start of the paragraph. However, sometimes you might start with a transition sentence to summarize what was discussed in previous paragraphs, followed by the topic sentence that expresses the focus of the current paragraph. Here are three examples of topic sentences you could use for good topic sentences for persuasive essays of the three body paragraphs :. Each of these sentences expresses one main idea — by listing them in order, we can see the overall structure of the essay at a glance. Each paragraph will expand on the topic sentence with relevant detail, evidence, and arguments, good topic sentences for persuasive essays . McCombes, S. Have a language expert improve your writing.
Proofreading Services. Run a free plagiarism check in 10 minutes. Plagiarism Checker. Generate accurate citations for free. Citation Generator. It should include two key things: The topic of the paragraph The central point of the paragraph. After the topic sentence, you expand on the point with evidence and examples. Topic sentence example Research has consistently shown that the meat industry has a significant environmental impact. What can proofreading do for your paper? What is a topic sentence? Why are topic sentences important? Where does the topic sentence go in a paragraph? What are some examples of topic sentences? Good topic sentences for persuasive essays are three examples of topic sentences you could use for each of the three body paragraphs : Research has shown that the meat industry has severe environmental impacts.
However, many plant-based foods are also produced in environmentally damaging ways. Is this article helpful? Shona McCombes Shona has a bachelor's and two master's degrees, so she's an expert at writing a great thesis. She has also worked as an editor and teacher, working with students at all different levels to improve their academic writing. Other students also liked. It usually comes at the end of the introduction. What is your plagiarism score? Scribbr Plagiarism Checker.
Persuasive Essay Topic Sentences
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Nov 30, · To make sure every topic sentence and paragraph serves your argument, follow these steps. Step 1: Write a thesis statement The first step to developing your topic Sep 18, · �� Top Good Persuasive Essay Ideas Is the Internet safe for young kids? Should we abolish zoos? Can animal testing be ethical? Is euthanasia a human right? Do Aug 25, · In the list below, we have included some of the most relevant and interesting persuasive speech topics—divided into categories: Persuasive Essay Topics for Kids I
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One of the hardest parts of writing a research paper can be just finding a good topic to write about. Fortunately we've done the hard work for you and have compiled a list of 113 interesting research paper topics. They've been organized into ten categories and cover a wide range of subjects so you can easily find the best topic for you.
In addition to the list of good research topics, we've included advice on what makes a good research paper topic and how you can use your topic to start writing a great paper.
What Makes a Good Research Paper Topic?
Not all research paper topics are created equal, and you want to make sure you choose a great topic before you start writing. Below are the three most important factors to consider to make sure you choose the best research paper topics.
#1: It's Something You're Interested In
A paper is always easier to write if you're interested in the topic, and you'll be more motivated to do in-depth research and write a paper that really covers the entire subject. Even if a certain research paper topic is getting a lot of buzz right now or other people seem interested in writing about it, don't feel tempted to make it your topic unless you genuinely have some sort of interest in it as well.
#2: There's Enough Information to Write a Paper
Even if you come up with the absolute best research paper topic and you're so excited to write about it, you won't be able to produce a good paper if there isn't enough research about the topic. This can happen for very specific or specialized topics, as well as topics that are too new to have enough research done on them at the moment. Easy research paper topics will always be topics with enough information to write a full-length paper.
Trying to write a research paper on a topic that doesn't have much research on it is incredibly hard, so before you decide on a topic, do a bit of preliminary searching and make sure you'll have all the information you need to write your paper.
#3: It Fits Your Teacher's Guidelines
Don't get so carried away looking at lists of research paper topics that you forget any requirements or restrictions your teacher may have put on research topic ideas. If you're writing a research paper on a health-related topic, deciding to write about the impact of rap on the music scene probably won't be allowed, but there may be some sort of leeway. For example, if you're really interested in current events but your teacher wants you to write a research paper on a history topic, you may be able to choose a topic that fits both categories, like exploring the relationship between the US and North Korea. No matter what, always get your research paper topic approved by your teacher first before you begin writing.
113 Good Research Paper Topics
Below are 113 good research topics to help you get you started on your paper. We've organized them into ten categories to make it easier to find the type of research paper topics you're looking for.
Arts/Culture
- Discuss the main differences in art from the Italian Renaissance and the Northern Renaissance .
- Analyze the impact a famous artist had on the world.
- How is sexism portrayed in different types of media (music, film, video games, etc.)? Has the amount/type of sexism changed over the years?
- How has the music of slaves brought over from Africa shaped modern American music?
- How has rap music evolved in the past decade?
- How has the portrayal of minorities in the media changed?
Current Events
- What have been the impacts of China's one child policy?
- How have the goals of feminists changed over the decades?
- How has the Trump presidency changed international relations?
- Analyze the history of the relationship between the United States and North Korea.
- What factors contributed to the current decline in the rate of unemployment?
- What have been the impacts of states which have increased their minimum wage?
- How do US immigration laws compare to immigration laws of other countries?
- How have the US's immigration laws changed in the past few years/decades?
- How has the Black Lives Matter movement affected discussions and view about racism in the US?
- What impact has the Affordable Care Act had on healthcare in the US?
- What factors contributed to the UK deciding to leave the EU (Brexit)?
- What factors contributed to China becoming an economic power?
- Discuss the history of Bitcoin or other cryptocurrencies (some of which tokenize the S&P 500 Index on the blockchain) .
- Do students in schools that eliminate grades do better in college and their careers?
- Do students from wealthier backgrounds score higher on standardized tests?
- Do students who receive free meals at school get higher grades compared to when they weren't receiving a free meal?
- Do students who attend charter schools score higher on standardized tests than students in public schools?
- Do students learn better in same-sex classrooms?
- How does giving each student access to an iPad or laptop affect their studies?
- What are the benefits and drawbacks of the Montessori Method ?
- Do children who attend preschool do better in school later on?
- What was the impact of the No Child Left Behind act?
- How does the US education system compare to education systems in other countries?
- What impact does mandatory physical education classes have on students' health?
- Which methods are most effective at reducing bullying in schools?
- Do homeschoolers who attend college do as well as students who attended traditional schools?
- Does offering tenure increase or decrease quality of teaching?
- How does college debt affect future life choices of students?
- Should graduate students be able to form unions?
- What are different ways to lower gun-related deaths in the US?
- How and why have divorce rates changed over time?
- Is affirmative action still necessary in education and/or the workplace?
- Should physician-assisted suicide be legal?
- How has stem cell research impacted the medical field?
- How can human trafficking be reduced in the United States/world?
- Should people be able to donate organs in exchange for money?
- Which types of juvenile punishment have proven most effective at preventing future crimes?
- Has the increase in US airport security made passengers safer?
- Analyze the immigration policies of certain countries and how they are similar and different from one another.
- Several states have legalized recreational marijuana. What positive and negative impacts have they experienced as a result?
- Do tariffs increase the number of domestic jobs?
- Which prison reforms have proven most effective?
- Should governments be able to censor certain information on the internet?
- Which methods/programs have been most effective at reducing teen pregnancy?
- What are the benefits and drawbacks of the Keto diet?
- How effective are different exercise regimes for losing weight and maintaining weight loss?
- How do the healthcare plans of various countries differ from each other?
- What are the most effective ways to treat depression ?
- What are the pros and cons of genetically modified foods?
- Which methods are most effective for improving memory?
- What can be done to lower healthcare costs in the US?
- What factors contributed to the current opioid crisis?
- Analyze the history and impact of the HIV/AIDS epidemic .
- Are low-carbohydrate or low-fat diets more effective for weight loss?
- How much exercise should the average adult be getting each week?
- Which methods are most effective to get parents to vaccinate their children?
- What are the pros and cons of clean needle programs?
- How does stress affect the body?
- Discuss the history of the conflict between Israel and the Palestinians.
- What were the causes and effects of the Salem Witch Trials?
- Who was responsible for the Iran-Contra situation?
- How has New Orleans and the government's response to natural disasters changed since Hurricane Katrina?
- What events led to the fall of the Roman Empire?
- What were the impacts of British rule in India ?
- Was the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki necessary?
- What were the successes and failures of the women's suffrage movement in the United States?
- What were the causes of the Civil War?
- How did Abraham Lincoln's assassination impact the country and reconstruction after the Civil War?
- Which factors contributed to the colonies winning the American Revolution?
- What caused Hitler's rise to power?
- Discuss how a specific invention impacted history.
- What led to Cleopatra's fall as ruler of Egypt?
- How has Japan changed and evolved over the centuries?
- What were the causes of the Rwandan genocide ?
- Why did Martin Luther decide to split with the Catholic Church?
- Analyze the history and impact of a well-known cult (Jonestown, Manson family, etc.)
- How did the sexual abuse scandal impact how people view the Catholic Church?
- How has the Catholic church's power changed over the past decades/centuries?
- What are the causes behind the rise in atheism/ agnosticism in the United States?
- What were the influences in Siddhartha's life resulted in him becoming the Buddha?
- How has media portrayal of Islam/Muslims changed since September 11th?
Science/Environment
- How has the earth's climate changed in the past few decades?
- How has the use and elimination of DDT affected bird populations in the US?
- Analyze how the number and severity of natural disasters have increased in the past few decades.
- Analyze deforestation rates in a certain area or globally over a period of time.
- How have past oil spills changed regulations and cleanup methods?
- How has the Flint water crisis changed water regulation safety?
- What are the pros and cons of fracking?
- What impact has the Paris Climate Agreement had so far?
- What have NASA's biggest successes and failures been?
- How can we improve access to clean water around the world?
- Does ecotourism actually have a positive impact on the environment?
- Should the US rely on nuclear energy more?
- What can be done to save amphibian species currently at risk of extinction?
- What impact has climate change had on coral reefs?
- How are black holes created?
- Are teens who spend more time on social media more likely to suffer anxiety and/or depression?
- How will the loss of net neutrality affect internet users?
- Analyze the history and progress of self-driving vehicles.
- How has the use of drones changed surveillance and warfare methods?
- Has social media made people more or less connected?
- What progress has currently been made with artificial intelligence ?
- Do smartphones increase or decrease workplace productivity?
- What are the most effective ways to use technology in the classroom?
- How is Google search affecting our intelligence?
- When is the best age for a child to begin owning a smartphone?
- Has frequent texting reduced teen literacy rates?
How to Write a Great Research Paper
Even great research paper topics won't give you a great research paper if you don't hone your topic before and during the writing process. Follow these three tips to turn good research paper topics into great papers.
#1: Figure Out Your Thesis Early
Before you start writing a single word of your paper, you first need to know what your thesis will be. Your thesis is a statement that explains what you intend to prove/show in your paper. Every sentence in your research paper will relate back to your thesis, so you don't want to start writing without it!
As some examples, if you're writing a research paper on if students learn better in same-sex classrooms, your thesis might be "Research has shown that elementary-age students in same-sex classrooms score higher on standardized tests and report feeling more comfortable in the classroom."
If you're writing a paper on the causes of the Civil War, your thesis might be "While the dispute between the North and South over slavery is the most well-known cause of the Civil War, other key causes include differences in the economies of the North and South, states' rights, and territorial expansion."
#2: Back Every Statement Up With Research
Remember, this is a research paper you're writing, so you'll need to use lots of research to make your points. Every statement you give must be backed up with research, properly cited the way your teacher requested. You're allowed to include opinions of your own, but they must also be supported by the research you give.
#3: Do Your Research Before You Begin Writing
You don't want to start writing your research paper and then learn that there isn't enough research to back up the points you're making, or, even worse, that the research contradicts the points you're trying to make!
Get most of your research on your good research topics done before you begin writing. Then use the research you've collected to create a rough outline of what your paper will cover and the key points you're going to make. This will help keep your paper clear and organized, and it'll ensure you have enough research to produce a strong paper.
What's Next?
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Christine graduated from Michigan State University with degrees in Environmental Biology and Geography and received her Master's from Duke University. In high school she scored in the 99th percentile on the SAT and was named a National Merit Finalist. She has taught English and biology in several countries.
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How to Write a Good Critique Paper
How to Write a Good Critique Paper: Tips for Beginners
Students are often tasked with critique papers during their studies at colleges and universities. At first, this task may seem overwhelming, as it requires a different set of skills and knowledge compared to what you apply when writing essays or research papers. However, clarifying the essence of critique can quickly bring you to the level of mastery needed for effective critiquing.
In this article, our experts explain the principles of composing critique works without overly complex terminology or content. They have designed a simple and user-friendly guide to equip you with vital critiquing skills from zero. So, read on to develop a profound understanding of this task and its nuances.
What Is a Critique Paper
Let’s start with the definition and basic explanation for the newbies. The concept of critique combines two elements – analysis and evaluation of the data provided in a specific literary or academic source. When students analyze the provided source, they typically need to make sense of the information it contains. In other words, your analysis helps identify the key ideas, understand what the author is driving at, and clarify what other approaches to the point exist out there.
The second element, evaluation, is pretty subjective. It allows a student to assess the worth and significance of the author’s ideas and arguments on a specific topic. However, critiquing someone else’s writing doesn’t mean that you need to be critical by all means. In most cases, a critique can also be positive, meaning that you evaluate the content of your assigned article or book positively and consider the authors’ suggestions and opinions correct and valuable.
You may need to compose critical pieces on various topics, following different academic purposes. For instance, a piece of critique may be dedicated to a particular book or article. If you get such a paper, you need to read the chosen work thoroughly and produce an in-depth, thoughtful analysis of its content and significance. In other cases, you may be assigned to critique the literature on a specific topic. In this situation, you will need to read many different sources with varying standpoints on one and the same issue, clarifying which argumentation and side of the debate speak to you.
Finally, you may need to evaluate some statements in the light of your studied subject or specific theory. In this way, you will need to apply different perspectives to one concept, focusing on their relevance and propriety to one another.
How to Start a Critique Paper
Now, let’s proceed to the actual writing process. As soon as you get this task, you need to find the literature piece for close reading. Make sure you read the assigned source at least three times to capture the nuances of the author’s argumentation and evaluate their credibility.
Next, you need to take a closer look at the author’s credentials and experience in the subject they discuss. People often don’t possess the needed expertise or qualification in a specific area, just rewording what others say or voicing a layperson’s opinion. It may also occur that the source you’ve found is written by an experienced professional working in this industry for many years. These things affect the quality of argumentation and can also affect the way you think about the author’s persuasiveness.
Next, you need to evaluate the reasonability of claims provided in the assigned source. Are all of them data-backed, authentic, and credible? Is the source published in a book or a peer-reviewed academic journal, or is it a blog article? All these things also affect the reputability of the source and the strength of argumentation used in it.
With this information at hand, you can write an introduction to your paper. We’ll cover the content of the introductory part later on.
How to Structure a Critique Paper
In the process of writing the body of your critique paper, you need to focus on the following issues:
- Who is the author of this work? What are their professional credentials and achievements in this area?
- What aims did the author pursue when writing this article? Were these aims ultimately achieved?
- What language techniques and style did the author use to make their points persuasive? Did I find those techniques convincing?
- What assumptions did the author make during argumentation? Are they objective or subjective? Are they generally believable?
- What types of evidence did the author use in the text? Is the evidence credible and authoritative? Did the author use the evidence correctly, without bias or tweaking the facts?
- How did the author structure their work? Does the structure look persuasive and logical, or does it favor a specific interpretation of the facts? Is the piece opinionated?
- How did the reading of this article advance my understanding of this subject? Is the source generally informative and valuable?
- What did the author do good/bad? What is missing in the paper?
These points will inform your reasoning, giving you a clear structure for evaluating the assigned source.
How to End a Critique Paper
As a rule, the ending of your paper should look the way any other academic paper does. It should present a concise summary of all main points of the source article (and all main points of your evaluation thereof). Also, include the major findings of the article you’re analyzing and add your personal impression of reading it. Mention whether you found the author’s arguments believable, what impressed you the most, and what broader references you can make about the argument’s significance.
Critique Paper Outline
If you need a general outline to help you in the process of any critique paper writing, use the one we have provided below:
INTRODUCTION
Name of the work and main argument. Explanation of the context. A concluding sentence signposting your evaluation of the source you’ve chosen to review.
In the 21 st century, the problem of global hunger is gaining prominence, with several options for helping developing countries cope with this disaster. In his article “Managing hunger with education,” published in 2020, Eric Munger showed that most standard approaches, like financial aid or humanitarian packages, don’t work well in the long run. The author provides sound evidence to show how developing countries become even more helpless and disabled after using the passive help of other states for decades and how a situation can be changed with a different grassroots approach.
In this part of the text, you need to weigh every significant argument of your source text:
Argument 1 – why financial aid doesn’t help (the author’s claims, the supporting evidence, your evaluation of the evidence)
Argument 2 – why humanitarian assistance worsens the situation in the developing world (the author’s claims, the supporting evidence, your evaluation of the evidence)
Argument 3 – how education on the ground can help developing countries find practical solutions to hunger (the author’s claims, the supporting evidence, your evaluation of the evidence).
The final summary of your discussed points and the author’s conclusion in the source text. Your evaluation of that conclusion and a final evaluation of whether the source achieves its aim and proves its point. A reference to the broader context, discussing this source’s broader significance in terms of political science and global economics.
In his final evaluation, Eric Munger showed that developing countries that act as passive recipients of help from developed states could never rise from their knees as they have limited control over their economies. This position is highly believable, given the many decades of comprehensive assistance to African and Asian states that did not bring any substantial economic changes. Thus, the approach of Munger deserves attention as it provides a new perspective on solving the pressing global problem of hunger and economic backwardness.
Besides, you
Critique Paper Introduction
Every paper should have an introduction, and a critique paper is not an exception. A critique assignment needs to introduce the subject of your analysis – that is, the article, book, or topic you’re critically approaching in this writing project. Include the article’s name, the author’s name, and a brief background of the source. You also need to mention the article’s central idea and thesis to clarify what you’ll focus on in your critique.
Besides, the introduction should summarize the article’s key points. It will serve as your thesis for the paper, guiding the readers on what you will discuss and giving a roadmap of further content.
Critique Paper Body
The body of your article should include a point-by-point evaluation of the source’s content. Like a regular essay, where you take each point in your argument, formulate it in the topic sentence, and then prove its correctness and significance with supporting evidence, a critique paper focuses on the source’s arguments. The only difference is that you need to evaluate what another person did to prove their points, concluding whether their work was successful.
For instance, you need to mention the point, what arguments the author uses to prove it, whether the proof is valuable and convincing, and whether the provided evidence makes the intended point. This process should be done for every point from the author’s original article, with your own evaluation at the end of each paragraph and the paper’s final part.
Critique Paper Conclusion
Now that you have covered all significant points in the author’s source article, you should summarize the key facts and give your final evaluation. As a rule, it pertains to whether you agree with the author and whether you’ve found their arguments convincing. It’s also necessary to mention a couple of details about what made you produce a particular conclusion and what evidence was the most/least persuasive.
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Now that you have these critique paper guidelines at your fingertips, the process of composing such an assignment can become much more manageable and hassle-free than it used to be. The task of doing daily homework can still be a hassle, but with our handy tips and step-by-step instructions, you can quickly feel that the process gets quicker and much more enjoyable.
Still, even if you don’t feel the burst of resourcefulness and creativity, it’s not a reason to say “no” to high grades. It’s still possible to be on time with all papers, written precisely the way your professor wants. Contact us and inform our managers about your new critique paper. A team of capable pros will handle your task promptly and competently, giving you the upper hand in class performance and ensuring that your professor stays content with your academic rigor and insight.
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Every paragraph in your paper needs a topic sentence. The topic sentence expresses what the paragraph is about. It should include two key things: The topic of the paragraph The central point of the paragraph. After the topic sentence, you expand on the point with evidence and examples.
Here are 4 steps which you should follow for writing a strong topic sentence for a research paper these are: Step 1: Writing a thesis statement An initial step in designing a topic sentence is to ensure that the thesis statement which you have to design is strong.
A good topic sentence should be clear, have a precise thesis, and not be redundant with any other statement made in your essay. For example: If you are writing about the pollution, the pollution in Xyz town increased because of the rising population. The topic sentence for this Paragraph will be "pollution". Procedure for writing topic sentences 1.
Write a clear topic sentence by describing the what and the why of an idea that relates to your main point. State what the topic is and why it matters. Here is an example of using the what and why structure with the previous topic of tea. Example: What: Tea has long been studied and enjoyed Why: For its beneficial properties 3.
Writing a Successful Topic Sentence 1 State your main idea clearly. Because your topic sentence is likely the first sentence of the paragraph, it needs to clearly state the subject matter of your paragraph without being wordy or difficult to understand.
First of all, a topic sentence should include two things: a topic and a controlling idea. The topic is just what it sounds like, and the controlling idea gives your reader a hint of what will follow. For example, "The causes of such a severe financial crisis are attributed to a set of factors.". In this sentence, "a severe financial ...
Steps on writing a topic sentence Topic sentences are developed throughout the writing process. Follow these steps to ensure that each topic sentence and paragraph supports your thesis statement. Step 1 - Create a thesis statement Make sure you have a solid thesis statement before you start writing your topic sentences.
Here's the anatomy of a topic sentence. Aside from stating the topic, this sentence will also have an emphasis, something specific that will show your focus for this paragraph. This emphasis will hint at as well as support your thesis. Factual evidence needs to begin to be presented. A good topic sentence has earned the reader's interest ...
Help Me Write a Topic Sentence for a Research Paper Properly Introduction. Of all the types of sentences in the world, none has been more the bane of students all over the world than the topic sentence. Topic sentences have a large complicated role to fill and they are often quite esoteric.
A Good Topic Sentence Features. A solid topic sentence has the following features: Novelty. A good topic sentence is well-focused on a fresh concept since it always provides new information for the reader. Specificity. If the beginning of a paragraph is too broad, the reader will be confused about what to expect next. Strength. The topic ...
The main idea of writing the topic sentence is to give the reader an idea of what the paragraph is going to be about. Think of it as the introduction for your paragraph. You wouldn't write a paper without an introduction so you wouldn't write a paragraph without introducing your topic as well.
1 How to Write Good Topic Sentences for Research Paper? 1.1 Step 1: Write a thesis statement: 1.2 Step 2: Write an outline of the essay and topic sentence: 1.3 Step 3: Explanation of Point along with evidence 1.4 Step 4: Refining topic sentence 2 Topic sentences as transitions between paragraphs:
Elementary students often write simple topic sentences that focus solely on the main idea of the paragraph. Some examples of topic sentences for this age group include: When we had a snow day, I made snow angels, drank hot cocoa, and went sledding. Students should not have to do homework because it takes a lot of time.
How to Write a Topic Sentence: 3 Topic Sentence Examples. Written by MasterClass. Last updated: Sep 28, 2022 • 3 min read. Learn how to write topic sentences to support the main thesis of any piece of writing.
There are three popular formats for research paper outlines: alphanumeric, full sentence, and decimal. Below, we'll explain the details of each and illustrate their differences with the research paper outline examples, focused on the same topic: "Michael Jordan vs. LeBron James: Who's the Best Basketball Player?" Alphanumeric research paper outline
Annotate the paper, marking or underlining key points, important phrases, and major headings and subheadings. Jot down notes on the major points and explanations (these notes should be in your voice; avoid lifting exact sentences from the article, even when taking rough notes).
Welcome to our free research paper title generator. Generate a list of catchy and creative topics for an essay or research paper for free. How it works. Type your research area. 255 characters left. On-Time Delivery! Get your customized and 100% plagiarism-free paper done in as little as 3 hours. Let's start.
Frequently asked questions about topic sentences. To make sure every topic sentence and paragraph serves your argument, good topic sentences for persuasive essays these steps. The first step to developing your topic sentences is to make sure you have a strong thesis statement. The thesis statement sums up the purpose and argument of the whole ...
Follow these three tips to turn good research paper topics into great papers. #1: Figure Out Your Thesis Early Before you start writing a single word of your paper, you first need to know what your thesis will be. Your thesis is a statement that explains what you intend to prove/show in your paper.
It should be clear and concise and relate to the research paper's thesis statement. Supporting evidence: The body of the paragraph should provide supporting evidence to back up the topic sentence ...
You may need to compose critical pieces on various topics, following different academic purposes. For instance, a piece of critique may be dedicated to a particular book or article. If you get such a paper, you need to read the chosen work thoroughly and produce an in-depth, thoughtful analysis of its content and significance.
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