Social Security
Compilation of the social security laws, northern mariana islands [494].
P.L. 94–241;
P.L. 95–134; Authorization for Appropriations—Insular Areas
P.L. 95–348; Northern Mariana Islands
P.L. 98–213; Insular Affairs
Proclamation 4534
Proclamation 5207
Proclamation 5564
P.L. 94–241, Approved March 24, 1976 (90 Stat. 263) [495]
[ 48 U.S.C. 1681 note ]
JOINT RESOLUTION
To approve the “Covenant To Establish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in Political Union with the United States of America” [496] , and for other purposes.
Whereas the United States is the administering authority of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands under the terms of the trusteeship agreement for the former Japanese-mandated islands entered into by the United States with the Security Council of the United Nations on April 2, 1947, and approved by the United States on July 18, 1947 [497] ; and
Whereas the United States, in accordance with the trusteeship agreement and the Charter of the United Nations, has assumed the obligation to promote the development of the peoples of the trust territory toward self-government or independence as may be appropriate to the particular circumstances of the trust territory and its peoples and the freely expressed wishes of the peoples concerned; and
Whereas the United States, in response to the desires of the people of the Northern Mariana Islands clearly expressed over the past twenty years through public petition and referendum, and in response to its own obligations under the trusteeship agreement to promote self-determination, entered into political status negotiations with representatives of the people of the Northern Mariana Islands; and
Whereas, on February 15, 1975, a “Covenant to Establish A Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in Political Union with the United States of America” was signed by the Marianas Political Status Commission for the people of the Northern Mariana Islands and by the President’s Personal Representative, Ambassador F. Haydn Williams for the United States of America, following which the covenant was approved by the unanimous vote of the Mariana Islands District Legislature on February 20, 1975 and by 78.8 per centum of the people of the Northern Mariana Islands voting in a plebiscite held on June 17, 1975: Now be it
Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the Covenant to Establish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in Political Union with the United States of America, the text of which is as follows, is hereby approved.
“COVENANT TO ESTABLISH A COMMONWEALTH OF THE NORTHERN MARIANA ISLANDS IN POLITICAL UNION WITH THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA
“Whereas, the Charter of the United Nations and the Trusteeship Agreement between the Security Council of the United Nations and the United States of America guarantee to the people of the Northern Mariana Islands the right freely to express their wishes for self-government or independence; and
“Whereas, the United States supports the desire of the people of the Northern Mariana Islands to exercise their inalienable right of self-determination; and
“Whereas, the people of the Northern Mariana Islands and the people of the United States share the goals and values found in the American system of government based upon the principles of government by the consent of the governed, individual freedom and democracy; and
“Whereas, for over twenty years, the people of the Northern Mariana Islands, through public petition and referendum, have clearly expressed their desire for political union with the United States;
“Now, therefore, the Marianas Political Status Commission, being the duly appointed representative of the people of the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Personal Representative of the President of the United States have entered into this Covenant in order to establish a self-governing commonwealth for the Northern Mariana Islands within the American political system and to define the future relationship between the Northern Mariana Islands and the United States. This Covenant will be mutually binding when it is approved by the United States, by the Mariana Islands District Legislature and by the people of the Northern Mariana Islands in a plebiscite, constituting on their part a sovereign act of self-determination.”
* * * * * * *
“ARTICLE IV
“judicial authority.
“ Section 403. * * * (b) Those portions of Title 28 of the United States Code which apply to Guam or the District Court of Guam will be applicable to the Northern Mariana Islands or the District Court for the Northern Mariana Islands, respectively, except as otherwise provided in this Article.
“APPLICABILITY OF LAWS
“ Section 501.
(a) To the extent that they are not applicable of their own force, the following provisions of the Constitution of the United States will be applicable within the Northern Mariana Islands as if the Northern Mariana Islands were one of the several States: Article I, Section 9, Clauses 2, 3, and 8; Article I, Section 10, Clauses 1 and 3; Article IV, Section 1 and Section 2, Clauses 1 and 2; Amendments 1 through 9, inclusive; Amendment 13; Amendment 14, Section 1; Amendment 15; Amendment 19; and Amendment 26; provided, however, that neither trial by jury nor indictment by grand jury shall be required in any civil action or criminal prosecution based on local law, except where required by local law. Other provisions of or amendments to the Constitution of the United States, which do not apply of their own force within the Northern Mariana Islands, will be applicable within the Northern Mariana Islands only with approval of the Government of the Northern Mariana Islands and of the Government of the United States.
(b) The applicability of certain provisions of the Constitution of the United States to the Northern Mariana Islands will be without prejudice to the validity of and the power of the Congress of the United States to consent to Sections 203, 506 and 805 and the proviso in Subsection (a) of this Section.
“ Section 502. (a) The following laws of the United States in existence on the effective date of this Section and subsequent amendments to such laws will apply to the Northern Mariana Islands, except as otherwise provided in this Covenant:
“(1) those laws which provide federal services and financial assistance programs and the federal banking laws as they apply to Guam; Section 228 of Title II and Title XVI of the Social Security Act as it applies to the several States; the Public Health Service Act as it applies to the Virgin Islands; and the Micronesian Claims Act as it applies to the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands;
“(2) those laws not described in paragraph (1) which are applicable to Guam and which are of general application to the several States as they are applicable to the several States; and
“(3) those laws not described in paragraph (1) or (2) which are applicable to the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, but not their subsequent amendments unless specifically made applicable to the Northern Mariana Islands, as they apply to the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands until termination of the Trusteeship Agreement, and will thereafter be inapplicable.
(b) The laws of the United States regarding coastal shipments and the conditions of employment, including the wages and hours of employees, will apply to the activities of the United States Government and its contractors in the Northern Mariana Islands.
“ Section 503. The following laws of the United States, presently inapplicable to the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, will not apply to the Northern Mariana Islands except in the manner and to the extent made applicable to them by the Congress by law after termination of the Trusteeship Agreement:
“(a) except as otherwise provided in Section 506, the immigration and naturalization laws of the United States;
“(b) except as otherwise provided in Subsection (b) of Section 502, the coastwise laws of the United States and any prohibition in the laws of the United States against foreign vessels landing fish or unfinished fish products in the United States; and
“(c) [498] the minimum wage provisions of Section 6, Act of June 25, 1938, 52 Stat. 1062, as amended. * * *
“ Section 606. (a) Not later than at the time this Covenant is approved, that portion of the Trust Territory Social Security Retirement Fund attributable to the Northern Mariana Islands will be transferred to the Treasury of the United States, to be held in trust as a separate fund to be known as the “Northern Mariana Islands Social Security Retirement Fund.” This fund will be administered by the United States in accordance with the social security laws of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands in effect at the time of such transfer, which may be modified by the Government of the Northern Mariana Islands only in a manner which does not create any additional differences between the social security laws of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands and the laws described in Subsection (b). The United States will supplement such fund if necessary to assure that persons receive benefits therefrom comparable to those they would have received from the Trust Territory Social Security Retirement Fund under the laws applicable thereto on the day preceding the establishment of the Northern Mariana Islands Social Security Retirement Fund, so long as the rate of contributions thereto also remains comparable.
(b) Those laws of the United States which impose excise and self-employment taxes to support or which provide benefits from the United States Social Security System will on January 1 of the first calendar year following the termination of the Trusteeship Agreement or upon such earlier date as may be agreed to by the Government of the Northern Mariana Islands and the Government of the United States become applicable to the Northern Mariana Islands as they apply to Guam.
(c) At such time as the laws described in Subsection (b) become applicable to the Northern Mariana Islands:
“(1) the Northern Mariana Islands Social Security Retirement Fund will be transferred into the appropriate Federal Social Security Trust Funds;
“(2) prior contributions by or on behalf of persons domiciled in the Northern Mariana Islands to the Trust Territory Social Security Retirement Fund or the Northern Mariana Islands Social Security Retirement Fund will be considered to have been made to the appropriate Federal Social Security Trust Funds for the purpose of determining eligibility of those persons in the Northern Mariana Islands for benefits under those laws; and
“(3) persons domiciled in the Northern Mariana Islands who are eligible for or entitled to social security benefits under the laws of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands or of the Northern Mariana Islands will not lose their entitlement and will be eligible for or entitled to benefits under the laws described in Subsection (b). * * *
“APPROVAL, EFFECTIVE DATES, AND DEFINITIONS [499]
“ Section 1001. (a) This Covenant will be submitted to the Mariana Islands District Legislature for its approval. After its approval by the Mariana Islands District Legislature, this Covenant will be submitted to the people of the Northern Mariana Islands for approval in a plebiscite to be called by the United States. Only persons who are domiciled exclusively in the Northern Mariana Islands and who meet such other qualifications, including timely registration, as are promulgated by the United States as administering authority will be eligible to vote in the plebiscite. Approval must be by a majority of at least 55% of the valid votes cast in the plebiscite. The results of the plebiscite will be certified to the President of the United States.
(b) This Covenant will be approved by the United States in accordance with its constitutional processes and will thereupon become law.
“ Section 1002. The President of the United States will issue a proclamation announcing the termination of the Trusteeship Agreement, or the date on which the Trusteeship Agreement will terminate, and the establishment of the Commonwealth in accordance with this Covenant. Any determination by the President that the Trusteeship Agreement has been terminated or will be terminated on a day certain will be final and will not be subject to review by any authority, judicial or otherwise, of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, the Northern Mariana Islands or the United States. [500]
“ Section 1003. The provisions of this Covenant will become effective as follows, unless otherwise specifically provided:
“(a) Sections 105, 201-203, 503, 504, 606, 801, 903 and Article X will become effective on approval of this Covenant;
“(b) Sections 102, 103, 204, 304, Article IV, Sections 501, 502, 505, 601-605, 607, Article VII, Sections 802-805, 901 and 902 will become effective on a date to be determined and proclaimed by the President of the United States which will be not more than 180 days after this Covenant and the Constitution of the Northern Mariana Islands have both been approved; and
“(c) The remainder of this Covenant will become effective upon the termination of the Trusteeship Agreement and the establishment of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.
“ Section 1004. (a) The application of any provision of the Constitution or laws of the United States which would otherwise apply to the Northern Mariana Islands may be suspended until termination of the Trusteeship Agreement if the President finds and declares that the application of such provision prior to termination would be inconsistent with the Trusteeship Agreement.
(b) The Constitution of the Northern Mariana Islands will become effective in accordance with its terms on the same day that the provisions of this Covenant specified in Subsection 1003(b) become effective, provided that if the President finds and declares that the effectiveness of any provision of the Constitution of the Northern Mariana Islands prior to termination of the Trusteeship Agreement would be inconsistent with the Trusteeship Agreement such provision will be ineffective until termination of the Trusteeship Agreement. Upon the establishment of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands the Constitution will become effective in its entirety in accordance with its terms as the Constitution of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.
“Section 1005. As used in this Covenant:
“(a) “Trusteeship Agreement” means the Trusteeship Agreement for the former Japanese Mandated Islands concluded between the Security Council of the United Nations and the United States of America, which entered into force on July 18, 1947;
“(b) “Northern Mariana Islands” means the area now known as the Mariana Islands District of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, which lies within the area north of 14 north latitude, south of 21 north latitude, west of 150 east longitude and east of 144 east longitude;
“(c) “Government of the Northern Mariana Islands” includes, as appropriate, the Government of the Mariana Islands District of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands at the time this Covenant is signed, its agencies and instrumentalities, and its successors, including the Government of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands;
“(d) “Territory or possession” with respect to the United States includes the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, Guam and American Samoa;
“(e) “Domicile” means that place where a person maintains a residence with the intention of continuing such residence for an unlimited or indefinite period, and to which such person has the intention of returning whenever he is absent, even for an extended period.
“Signed at Saipan, Mariana Islands on the fifteenth day of February, 1975.”
Sec. 2. It is the sense of the Congress that pursuant to section 902 of the foregoing Covenant, and in any case within ten years from the date of the enactment of this resolution, the President of the United States should request, on behalf of the United States, the designation of special representatives to meet and to consider in good faith such issues affecting the relationship between the Northern Mariana Islands and the United States as may be designated by either Government and to make a report and recommendations with respect thereto.
[ Internal References. —S.S. Act titles I, IV, X, XIV, XVI (State), XVI and §228 catchlines have footnotes referring to P.L. 94-241. ]
P.L. 95–134, Approved October 15, 1977 (91 Stat. 1159)
Authorization for appropriations—insular areas [501].
Sec. 403 [ 48 U.S.C. 1681 note ] Effective on the date when section 502 of the Covenant to Establish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in Political Union With the United States of America, approved by joint resolution approved on March 24, 1976 (90 Stat. 263) goes into force those laws which are referred to in section 502(a)(1) of said Covenant, except for any laws administered by the Social Security Administration, except for medicaid which is now administered by the Health Care Financing Administration, and except the Micronesian Claims Act of 1971 (85 Stat. 96) shall be applicable to the territories of Guam and the Virgin Islands on the same terms and conditions as such laws are applied to the Northern Mariana Islands. [502]
Sec. 501 [ 48 U.S.C. 1469a ] In order to minimize the burden caused by existing application and reporting procedures for certain grant-in-aid programs available to the Virgin Islands, Guam, American Samoa, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, and the Government of the Northern Mariana Islands (hereafter referred to as “Insular Areas”) it is hereby declared to be the policy of the Congress, notwithstanding any provision of law to the contrary, that:
(a) Any department or agency of the Government of the United States which administers any Act of Congress which specifically provides for making grants to any Insular Area under which payments received may be used by such Insular Area only for certain specified purposes (other than direct payments to classes of individuals) may, acting through appropriate administrative authorities of such department or agency, consolidate any or all grants made to such area for any fiscal year or years.
(b) Any consolidated grant for any insular area shall not be less than the sum of all grants which such area would otherwise be entitled to receive for such year.
(c) The funds received under a consolidated grant shall be expended in furtherance of the programs and purposes authorized for any of the grants which are being consolidated, which are authorized under any of the Acts administered by the department or agency making the grant, and which would be applicable to grants for such programs and purposes in the absence of the consolidation, but the Insular Areas shall determine the proportion of the funds granted which shall be allocated to such programs and purposes.
(d) Each department or agency making grants-in-aid shall, by regulations published in the Federal Register, provide the method by which any Insular Area may submit (i) a single application for a consolidated grant for any fiscal year period, but not more than one such application for a consolidated grant shall be required by any department or agency unless notice of such requirement is transmitted to the appropriate committees of the United States Congress together with a complete explanation of the necessity for requiring such additional applications and (ii) a single report to such department or agency with respect to each such consolidated grant: Provided, That nothing in this paragraph shall preclude such department or agency from providing adequate procedures for accounting, auditing, evaluating, and reviewing any programs or activities receiving benefits from any consolidated grant. The administering authority of any department or agency, in its discretion, shall (i) waive any requirement for matching funds otherwise required by law to be provided by the Insular Area involved and (ii) waive the requirement that any Insular Area submit an application or report in writing with respect to any consolidated grant. Notwithstanding any other provision of law, in the case of American Samoa, Guam, the Virgin Islands, and the Northern Mariana Islands any department or agency shall waive any requirement for local matching funds under $200,000 (including in-kind contributions) required by law to be provided by American Samoa, Guam, the Virgin Islands, or the Northern Mariana Islands.
ASSISTANCE TO TERRITORIES [503]
[ 42 U.S.C. 1469b ] For expenses necessary for assistance to territories under the jurisdiction of the Department of the Interior, $78,613,000, of which: (1) $70,137,000 shall remain available until expended for technical assistance, including maintenance assistance, disaster assistance, insular management controls, coral reef initiative activities, and brown tree snake control and research; grants to the judiciary in American Samoa for compensation and expenses, as authorized by law (48 U.S.C. 1661(c)); grants to the Government of American Samoa, in addition to current local revenues, for construction and support of governmental functions; grants to the Government of the Virgin Islands as authorized by law; grants to the Government of Guam, as authorized by law; and grants to the Government of the Northern Mariana Islands as authorized by law (Public Law 94-241; 90 Stat. 272); and (2) $8,476,000 shall be available until September 30, 2009 for salaries and expenses of the Office of Insular Affairs: Provided, That all financial transactions of the territorial and local governments herein provided for, including such transactions of all agencies or instrumentalities established or used by such governments, may be audited by the Government Accountability Office, at its discretion, in accordance with chapter 35 of title 31, United States Code: Provided further, That Northern Mariana Islands Covenant grant funding shall be provided according to those terms of the Agreement of the Special Representatives on Future United States Financial Assistance for the Northern Mariana Islands approved by Public Law 104-134: Provided further, That of the amounts provided for technical assistance, sufficient funds shall be made available for a grant to the Pacific Basin Development Council: Provided further, That of the amounts provided for technical assistance, sufficient funding shall be made available for a grant to the Close Up Foundation: Provided further, That the funds for the program of operations and maintenance improvement are appropriated to institutionalize routine operations and maintenance improvement of capital infrastructure with territorial participation and cost sharing to be determined by the Secretary based on the grantee’s commitment to timely maintenance of its capital assets: Provided further, That any appropriation for disaster assistance under this heading in this Act or previous appropriations Acts may be used as non-Federal matching funds for the purpose of hazard mitigation grants provided pursuant to section 404 of the Robert T. Stafford Disaster Relief and Emergency Assistance Act (42 U.S.C. 5170c).
[ Internal References. —P.L. 94-241, catchline has a footnote referring to P.L. 95-134. ]
P.L. 95–348, Approved August 18, 1978 (92 Stat. 487)
Northern mariana islands.
Sec. 3
(b) [ None assigned ] (1) The government of the Northern Marianas in carrying out the purposes of this Act, Public Law 95-134 [504] , or Public Law 94-241 [505] , may utilize, to the extent practicable, the available services and facilities of agencies and instrumentalities of the Federal Government on a reimbursable basis. Such amounts may be credited to the appropriation or fund which provided the services and facilities. Agencies and instrumentalities of the Federal Government may, when practicable, make available to the government of the Northern Marianas, upon request of the Secretary, such services and facilities as they are equipped to render or furnish, and they may do so without reimbursement if otherwise authorized by law.
(2) Any funds made available to the Northern Mariana Islands under grant-in-aid programs by section 502 of the Covenant To Establish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in Political Union With the United States of America (Public Law 94-241), or pursuant to any other Act of Congress enacted after March 24, 1976, are hereby authorized to remain available until expended.
(3) Any amount authorized by the Covenant described in paragraph (2) or by any other Act of Congress enacted after March 24, 1976, which authorizes appropriations for the Northern Mariana Islands, but not appropriated for a fiscal year is authorized to be available for appropriation in succeeding fiscal years.
(c) [ 48 U.S.C. 1681 note ] Notwithstanding the provisions of the Food Stamp Act of 1977 [506] , the Secretary of Agriculture is authorized, upon the request of the Governor of the Northern Mariana Islands, acting pursuant to legislation enacted in accordance with sections 5 and 7 of article II of the Constitution of the Northern Mariana Islands, and for the period during which such legislation is effective, (1) to implement a food stamp program in part or all of the Northern Mariana Islands with such income and household standards of eligibility, deductions, and allotment values as the Secretary determines, after consultation with the Governor, to be suited to the economic and social circumstances of such islands: Provided , That in no event shall such income standards of eligibility exceed those in the forty-eight contiguous States, and (2) to distribute or permit a distribution of federally donated foods in any part of the Northern Mariana Islands for which the Governor has not requested that the food stamp program be implemented. This authority shall remain in effect through September 30, 1981, and shall not apply to section 403 of Public Law 95-135.
AUTHORIZATIONS TO REMAIN AVAILABLE
Sec. 8. [ None assigned ] Any amount authorized by this Act or by the Act entitled “An Act to authorize certain appropriations for the territories of the United States, to amend certain Acts relating thereto, and for other purposes” (Public Law 95-134; 91 Stat. 1159) but not appropriated for a fiscal year is authorized to be available for appropriation in succeeding fiscal years.
[ Internal References. —P.L. 94-241 and P.L. 95-134 have footnotes referring to P.L. 95-348. ]
P.L. 98–213, Approved December 8, 1983 (97 Stat. 1459)
Insular affairs.
Sec. 17. [ 48 U.S.C. 1681 note ] No provision of law prohibiting the payment of compensation to, or employment of, any person not a citizen of the United States of America by the United States of America shall bar the United States of America from paying compensation to or employing any citizen of the Northern Mariana Islands.
Sec. 18. [ 48 U.S.C. 1681 note ] No requirement of United States citizenship in any Federal law which provides Federal services or financial assistance and which is applicable to the Northern Mariana Islands by operation of section 502(a)(1) of the Covenant or, if enacted subsequent to March 24, 1976, by its own terms shall bar a citizen of the Northern Mariana Islands from receiving services or assistance pursuant to such law.
Sec. 19. [ 48 U.S.C. 1681 note ]
(a) The President may, subject to the provisions of section 20 of this Act, by proclamation provide that the requirement of United States citizenship or nationality provided for in any of the statutes listed on pages 63-74 of the Interim Report of the Northern Mariana Islands Commission on Federal Laws to the Congress of the United States, dated January 1982 and submitted pursuant to section 504 of the Covenant, shall not be applicable to the citizens of the Northern Mariana Islands. The President is authorized to correct clerical errors in the list, and to add to it provisions, where it appears from the context that they were inadvertently omitted from the list.
(b) A statute which denies a benefit or imposes a burden or a disability on an alien, his dependents, or his survivors shall, for the purposes of this Act, be considered to impose a requirement of United States citizenship or nationality.
Sec. 20. [ 48 U.S.C. 1681 note ]
(a) The President may issue one or more proclamations under the authority of this Act.
(b) When issuing such proclamation or proclamations the President—
(1) shall take into account:
(i) the hardship suffered by the citizens of the Northern Mariana Islands resulting from the fact that, while they are subject to most of the laws of the United States, they are denied the benefit of those laws which contain a requirement of United States citizenship or nationality;
(ii) the responsibilities, obligations, and limitations imposed upon the United States by international law;
(2) may make the requirement of United States citizenship or nationality inapplicable only to those citizens of the Northern Mariana Islands who declare in writing that they do not intend to exercise their option under section 302 of the Covenant to become a national but not a citizen of the United States;
(3) may make the requirement of a United States citizenship or nationality inapplicable only in the Northern Mariana Islands;
(4) may retain the requirement of United States citizenship or nationality with respect to parts of a statute or portion thereof.
Sec. 21. [ 48 U.S.C. 1681 note ] If the President does not issue any proclamation authorized by section 19 of this Act within a period of six months following the effective date of the Act, the requirement of United States citizenship or nationality as a prerequisite of any benefit, right, privilege, or immunity in any statute made applicable to the Northern Mariana Islands by the terms of that statute or by operation of the Covenant shall not be applicable to citizens of the Northern Mariana Islands: Provided , That the provisions of this section shall not be applicable to any requirements of United States citizenship or nationality contained in statutes relating to the political rights of citizenship, and to the diplomatic protection of, and services to, citizens or nationals of the United States in foreign countries: Provided further , That with respect to the statutes relating to the uniformed services, the requirement of United States citizenship or nationality shall remain in effect, except with respect to those citizens of the Northern Mariana Islands who declare in writing that they do not intend to exercise their option under section 302 of the Covenant to become a national but not a citizen of the United States.
Sec. 22. [ 48 U.S.C. 1681 note ] Nothing in this Act shall be construed as extending to the Northern Mariana Islands any statutory provision or regulation not otherwise applicable to or within the Northern Mariana Islands, in particular the statutes relating to immigration and nationality and the regulations issued under them.
Sec. 23. [ 48 U.S.C. 1681 note ] The authority of the President to issue proclamations under section 19 of this Act shall terminate upon the establishment of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands pursuant to section 1002 of the Covenant. Section 21 of this Act shall not become effective if the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands is established within the period of six months following the effective date of this Act.
Sec. 24. [ 48 U.S.C. 1681 note ] As used in this Act:
(a) “Covenant” means the Covenant to Establish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in Political Union With the United States of America, approved by the Joint Resolution of March 24, 1976 (90 Stat. 263, 48 U.S.C. 1681, note).
(b) “Citizen of the Northern Mariana Islands” means a citizen of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands and his or her children under the age of eighteen years, who does not owe allegiance to any foreign state, and who—
(1) was born in the Northern Mariana Islands and is physically present in the Northern Mariana Islands or in the United States or any territory or possession thereof; or
(2) has been lawfully and continuously domiciled in the Northern Mariana Islands since January 1, 1974, and, who, unless then under age, was registered to vote in an election for the Mariana Islands legislature or for any municipal election in the Northern Mariana Islands prior to January 1, 1975.
(c) “Domicile” means that place where a person maintains a residence with the intention of continuing such residence for an unlimited or indefinite period, and to which such person has the intention of returning whenever he is absent, even for an extended period.
Proclamation 4534 October 24, 1977
By the President of the United States of America
A Proclamation [507]
On February 15, 1975, the Marianas Political Status Commission, the duly appointed representative of the people of the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Personal Representative of the President of the United States signed a Covenant, the purpose of which is to provide for the eventual establishment of a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in political union with the United States of America. This Covenant was subsequently approved by the Mariana Islands District Legislature and by the people of the Northern Mariana Islands voting in a plebiscite. The Covenant was approved by the Congress of the United States by joint resolution approved March 24, 1976 (Public Law 94-241; 90 Stat. 263).
In accordance with the provisions of Article II of the Covenant, the people of the Northern Mariana Islands have formulated and approved a Constitution which was submitted to me on behalf of the Government of the United States on April 21, 1977, for approval on the basis of its consistency with the Covenant and those provisions of the Constitution, treaties and laws of the United States to be applicable to the Northern Mariana Islands. Pursuant to the provisions of Section 202 of the Covenant, the Constitution of the Northern Mariana Islands will be deemed to have been approved by the Government of the United States six months after the date of submission to the President unless sooner approved or disapproved.
The six-month period of Section 202 of the Covenant having expired on October 22, 1977, I am pleased to announce that the Constitution of the Northern Mariana Islands is hereby deemed approved.
I am satisfied that the Constitution of the Northern Mariana Islands complies with the requirements of Article II of the Covenant. I have also received advice from the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and the Subcommittee on National Parks and Insular Affairs of the House Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs that the Constitution complies with those requirements.
Sections 1003(b) and 1004(b) of the Covenant provide that the Constitution of the Northern Mariana Islands and the provisions specified in Section 1003(b) of the Covenant shall become effective on a date proclaimed by the President which will be not more than 180 days after the Covenant and the Constitution of the Northern Mariana Islands have both been approved.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, JIMMY CARTER, President of the United States of America, do hereby proclaim as follows:
SECTION 1. The Constitution of the Northern Mariana Islands shall come into full force and effect at eleven o'clock on the morning of January 9, 1978, Northern Mariana Islands local time.
Sec. 2 Sections 102, 103, 204, 304, Article IV, Sections 501, 502, 505, 601-605, 607, Article VII, Sections 802-805, 901 and 902 of the Covenant shall come into full force and effect on the date and at the time specified in Section 1 of this Proclamation.
Sec. 3 The authority of the President under Section 1004 of the Covenant to suspend the application of any provision of law to or in the Northern Mariana Islands until the termination of the Trusteeship Agreement is hereby reserved.
[ Internal References. —P.L. 94-241, §1 (§1001 catchline) and P.L. 95-134, §403, have footnotes referring to Proclamation 4534. ]
Proclamation 5207 of June 7, 1984
A Proclamation
The United States and the Northern Mariana Islands have entered into a Covenant to Establish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in Political Union with the United States of America (Public Law 94-241; 90 Stat. 263; 48 U.S.C. 1681, note [508] ) pursuant to which many provisions of the laws of the United States became applicable to the Northern Mariana Islands as of January 9, 1978 (Proclamation No. 4534, Section 2).
Sections 19 and 20 of Public Law 98-213 (97 Stat. 1464) [509] authorize the President, subject to certain limitations, to provide by proclamation that requirements “of United States citizenship or nationality provided for in any of the statutes listed on pages 63-74 of the Interim Report of the Northern Mariana Islands Commission on Federal Laws to the Congress of the United States, dated January 1982 and submitted pursuant to section 504 of the Covenant, shall not be applicable to the citizens of the Northern Mariana Islands.”
NOW, THEREFORE, I, RONALD REAGAN, President of the United States of America, by the authority vested in me by sections 19 and 20 of Public Law 98-213, do hereby proclaim as follows:
3. Statutes relating to protection and services in foreign countries.
No requirement of United States citizenship or nationality in any of the Federal laws listed below shall be applicable to citizens of the Northern Mariana Islands.
(f) Section 1113 of the Act of August 14, 1935, c.531, as added by section 302 of Public Law 87-64, 75 Stat. 142, and as amended (42 U.S.C. 1313).
6. Statutes relating to Federal programs and benefits.
(i) Subsection (b)(3) of section 2 and section 4 of the Act of August 14, 1935, c.531, 49 Stat. 620, 622, as amended (42 U.S.C. 302(b)(3) and 304);
(j) Subsection (t) of section 202 of the Act of August 14, 1935, c.531, as added by subsection (a) of section 118 of the Act of August 1, 1956, c.836, 70 Stat. 835, and as amended (42 U.S.C. 402(t));
(k) Subsection (a)(4) of section 103 of Public Law 89-97, 79 Stat. 333, as amended (42 U.S.C. 426a(a)(4));
(l) Subsection (a)(3) of section 228 of the Act of August 14, 1935, c.531, as added by subsection (a) of section 302 of Public Law 89-368, 80 Stat. 67, as amended (42 U.S.C. 428(a)(3));
(m) Subsection (b)(2) of section 1002 and section 1004 of the Act of August 14, 1935, c.531, 49 Stat. 646, as amended (42 U.S.C. 1202(b)(2) and 1204);
(n) Subsection (b)(2) of section 1402 and section 1404 of the Act of August 14, 1935, c.531, as added by section 351 of the Act of August 28, 1950, c.809, 64 Stat. 555 (42 U.S.C. 1352(b)(2) and 1354);
7. As used in this Proclamation:
(a) “Covenant” means the Covenant to Establish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in Political Union With the United States of America, approved by the Joint Resolution of March 24, 1976 (90 Stat. 263, 48 U.S.C. 1681, note).
(b) “Citizen of the Northern Mariana Islands” means a citizen of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands and his or her children under the age of eighteen years, who does not owe allegiance to any foreign state, and who—
(1) was born in the Northern Mariana Islands and is physically present in the Northern Mariana Islands or in the United States or any territory or possession thereof; or
(2) has been lawfully and continuously domiciled in the Northern Mariana Islands since January 1, 1974, and, who, unless then under age, was registered to vote in an election for the Mariana Islands legislature or for any municipal election in the Northern Mariana Islands prior to January 1, 1975.
(c) “Domicile” means that place where a person maintains a residence with the intention of continuing such residence for an unlimited or indefinite period, and to which such person has the intention of returning whenever he is absent, even for an extended period.
(d) “Statute which imposes a requirement of United States citizenship or nationality” includes any statute which denies a benefit or imposes a burden or a disability on an alien, his dependents, or his survivors.
8. Upon the establishment of the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands pursuant to section 1002 of the Covenant, the benefits acquired under this Proclamation shall merge without interruption into those to which the recipient is entitled by virtue of his acquisition of United States citizenship, unless the recipient exercises his privilege under section 302 of the Covenant to become a national but not a citizen of the United States.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this seventh day of June, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty-four, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and eighth.
Ronald Reagan
Published at 49 FR 24365, June 13, 1984 and 48 U.S.C. 1681 note.
Title 3— Proclamation 5564 of November 3, 1986
The President
Placing Into Full Force and Effect the Covenant With the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, and the Compacts of Free Association with the Federated States of Micronesia and the Republic of the Marshall Islands
A Proclamation [510]
Since July 18, 1947, the United States has administered the United Nations Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands (“Trust Territory”), which includes the Northern Mariana Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, the Marshall Islands, and Palau.
On February 15, 1975, after extensive status negotiations, the United States and the Marianas Political Status Commission concluded a Covenant to establish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in Political Union with the United States (“Covenant”). Sections 101, 1002, and 1003(c) of the Covenant provide that the Northern Mariana Islands will become a self-governing Commonwealth in political union with and under the sovereignty of the United States. This Covenant was approved by the Congress by Public Law 94-241 of March 24, 1976, 90 Stat. 263. [511] Although many sections of the Covenant became effective in 1976 and 1978, certain sections have not previously entered into force.
On October 1, 1982, the Government of the United States and the Government of the Federated States of Micronesia concluded a Compact of Free Association, establishing a relationship of Free Association between the two Governments. On June 25, 1983, the Government of the United States and the Government of the Marshall Islands concluded a Compact of Free Association, establishing a relationship of Free Association between the two Governments. Pursuant to Sections 111 and 121 of the Compacts, the Federated States of Micronesia and the Republic of the Marshall Islands become self-governing and have the right to conduct foreign affairs in their own name and right upon the effective date of their respective Compacts. Each Compact comes into effect upon (1) mutual agreement between the Government of the United States, acting in fulfillment of its responsibilities as Administering Authority of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, and the other Government; (2) the approval of the Compact by the two Governments, in accordance with their constitutional processes; and (3) the conduct of a plebiscite in that jurisdiction. In the Federated States of Micronesia, the Compact has been approved by the Government in accordance with its constitutional processes, and in a United Nations-observed plebiscite on June 21, 1983, a sovereign act of self-determination. In the Marshall Islands, the Compact has been approved by the Government in accordance with its constitutional processes, and in a United Nations-observed plebiscite on September 7, 1983, a sovereign act of self-determination. In the United States the Compacts have been approved by Public Law 99-239 of January 14, 1986, 99 Stat. 1770.
On January 10, 1986, the Government of the United States and the Government of the Republic of Palau concluded a Compact of Free Association, establishing a similar relationship of Free Association between the two Governments. On October 16, 1986, the Congress of the United States approved the Compact of Free Association with the Republic of Palau. In the Republic of Palau, the Compact approval process has not yet been completed. Until the future political status of Palau is resolved, the United States will continue to discharge its responsibilities in Palau as Administering Authority under the Trusteeship Agreement.
On May 28, 1986, the Trusteeship Council of the United Nations concluded that the Government of the United States had satisfactorily discharged its obligations as the Administering Authority under the terms of the Trusteeship Agreement and that the people of the Northern Mariana Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, and the Republic of the Marshall Islands had freely exercised their right to self-determination, and considered that it was appropriate for that Agreement to be terminated. The Council asked the United States to consult with the governments concerned to agree on a date for entry into force of their respective new status agreements.
On October 15, 1986, the Government of the United States and the Government of the Republic of the Marshall Islands agreed, pursuant to Section 411 of the Compact of Free Association, that as between the United States and the Republic of the Marshall Islands, the effective date of the Compact shall be October 21, 1986.
On October 24, 1986, the Government of the United States and the Government of the Federated States of Micronesia agreed, pursuant to Section 411 of the Compact of Free Association, that as between the United States and the Federated States of Micronesia, the effective date of the Compact shall be November 3, 1986.
On October 24, 1986, the United States advised the Secretary General of the United Nations that, as a consequence of consultations held between the United States Government and the Government of the Marshall Islands, agreement had been reached that the Compact of Free Association with the Marshall Islands entered fully into force on October 21, 1986. The United States further advised the Secretary General that, as a result of consultations with their governments, agreement had been reached that the Compact of Free Association with the Federated States of Micronesia and the Covenant with the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands would enter into force on November 3, 1986.
As of this day, November 3, 1986, the United States has fulfilled its obligations under the Trusteeship Agreement with respect to the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, the Republic of the Marshall Islands, and the Federated States of Micronesia, and they are self-governing and no longer subject to the Trusteeship. In taking these actions, the United States is implementing the freely expressed wishes of the peoples of the Northern Mariana Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, and the Marshall Islands.
NOW, THEREFORE, I, RONALD REAGAN, by the Authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and laws of the United States of America, including Section 1002 of the Covenant to Establish a Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in Political Union with the United States of America, and Sections 101 and 102 of the Joint Resolution to approve the “Compact of Free Association”, and for other purposes, approved on January 14, 1986 (Public Law 99-239), do hereby find, declare, and proclaim as follows:
Section 1. I determine that the Trusteeship Agreement for the Pacific Islands is no longer in effect as of October 21, 1986, with respect to the Republic of the Marshall Islands, as of November 3, 1986, with respect to the Federated States of Micronesia, and as of November 3, 1986, with respect to the Northern Mariana Islands. This constitutes the determination referred to in Section 1002 of the Covenant.
Sec. 2. (a) Sections 101, 104, 301, 302, 303, 506, 806, and 904 of the Covenant are effective as of 12:01 a.m., November 4, 1986, Northern Mariana Islands local time.
(b) The Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands in political union with and under the sovereignty of the United States of America is fully established on the date and at the time specified in Section 2(a) of this Proclamation.
(c) The domiciliaries of the Northern Mariana Islands are citizens of the United States to the extent provided for in Sections 301 through 303 of the Covenant on the date and at the time specified in this Proclamation.
(d) I welcome the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands into the American family and congratulate our new fellow citizens.
Sec. 3. (a) The Compact of Free Association with the Republic of the Marshall Islands is in full force and effect as of October 21, 1986, and the Compact of Free Association with the Federated States of Micronesia is in full force and effect as of November 3, 1986.
(b) I am gratified that the people of the Federated States of Micronesia and the Republic of the Marshall Islands, after nearly forty years of Trusteeship, have freely chosen to establish a relationship of Free Association with the United States.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have hereunto set my hand this third day of November, in the year of our Lord nineteen hundred and eighty-six, and of the Independence of the United States of America the two hundred and eleventh.
[494] Background: The Northern Mariana Islands consist of 21 small islands, six of which are inhabited and 14 of which are large enough to be identified by name. Together with Guam, a U.S. territory, they form a western Pacific entity known as the Mariana Islands. The Marianas archipelago is one of three making up the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, a United Nations trusteeship under United States administration; the other two are the Carolines and the Marshall Islands. Saipan, Tinian and Rota, in that order, are the three largest islands of the Northern Marianas and most of the archipelago’s 14,500 population lives on one or the other.
[495] See P.L. 95-134, §§403 and 501, in this Appendix. See P.L. 95-348, §3(b) and (c) in this Appendix.
[496] Presidential Proclamation 5564 dated November 3, 1986 published in the Federal Register on November 7, 1986 (51 FR 40399) placed this Covenant into full force and effect. (in this Appendix)
[497] 61 Stat. 3301.
[498] P.L. 110-2, §8103(a), provides that §6 of the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 (29 U.S.C. 206) and (c) shall apply to American Samoa and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands. See P.L. 110-28, §8103(a) and (b) (this Volume), with respect to applicability of minumum wage to American Samoa and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands.
[499] See Presidential Proclamation 4534, dated October 24, 1977, published in the Federal Register on October 27, 1977 (43 FR 56593), in this Appendix.
[500] See Presidential Proclamation 5564 dated November 3, 1986, published in the Federal Register on November 7, 1986 (51 FR 40399), in this Appendix.
[501] See P.L. 95-348, §8, in this Appendix.
[502] Covenant §502 became effective 11 A.M. of January 9, 1978, Northern Mariana Islands local time. See Presidential Proclamation 4534, signed October 24, 1977, in this Appendix.
[503] P.L. 110–161, 121 Stat. 2114, added 48 U.S.C. 1469b, effective December 26, 2007.
[504] See P.L. 95-134, this Appendix.
[505] See P.L. 94-241, this Appendix.
[506] P.L. 88-525.
[507] Published at 42 FR 56593, October 27, 1977 and 48 U.S.C. 1681 note.
[508] See this Appendix.
[509] See this Appendix.
[510] 51 FR 40399, November 7, 1986 and 48 U.S.C. 1681 note.
[511] See P.L. 94-241, this Appendix.
Calculating and Visualizing Four Indicators of Alcohol Outlet Density using R
Introduction.
This file is an appendix to the Measuring Alcohol Outlet Density: A Toolkit for State and Local Surveillance pdf icon [PDF – 22 MB] . It was written by Mike Dolan Fliss, PhD, MPS, MSW, Research Scientist, University of North Carolina, Injury Prevention Research Center. It demonstrates the calculation of the four indicators for measuring alcohol outlet density using R. This program is designed for introductory-level R users. More experienced R users may choose to modify the program to complete their analyses.
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- CDC Alcohol Measurement Toolkit pdf icon [PDF – 52 pages]
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Not every book has an appendix page – just like not every book has an epilogue or an afterword. Some books don’t warrant the need for an appendix. If a book has one, it’s there for a good reason.
What Kind of Books Use Appendices?
As appendices are used to bolster research, provide credibility, and list further references, they’re used (more often) in nonfiction books. Biographies (books about a person’s life written by someone else), autobiographies or memoirs (books about a person’s life written by that person), research-based books (medical textbooks, historical books), and cultural critiques are just a few nonfiction books that benefit from the presence of an appendix.
Why Include a Book Appendix Page?
There are several different reasons an author may include a book appendix.
To Provide Additional Information on a Topic
The book appendix is the perfect place for more details on a subject in the book that perhaps the author didn’t have time to include fully or didn’t have room for. The appendix may provide additional resources (books, articles, research) for the reader to explore on their own time.
To Cite Sources/Data
If the book is heavily research-based, the author may choose to include this back portion to list the sources they drew from to write the book. For example, if an author is writing about the life of Marie Curie, they may feel inclined to list out all the books and sources they utilized in the writing process.
Including an appendix can help build credibility. If an author lists out the materials they encountered in their research, it’s a sort of proof that they know what they’re talking about.
If the book is scientific or medical, the appendix can include data – graphs, charts, statistics, etc.
To Supply Original Materials
In biographies or memoirs, authors can include original materials such as letters, personal documents, photographs, emails, lists, etc. to add to the richness of their story.
How the Self-Publisher Can Include an Appendix Page
If you’re writing a nonfiction book that includes research on a particular topic, you should definitely include an appendix in your book’s back matter. Think back to when you were in school and had to include a “Sources Cited” or “Bibliography” page. This is a lot like that!
How the appendix is formatted will depend what types of materials or information you’re including in it. Look to some of your favorite books on your shelves for examples.
Appendix Page Examples
- In his cultural critique of how media and societal thought interact, Neil Postman includes a notes section, a bibliography, and an index in the back matter of Amusing Ourselves to Death .
- In The Inklings , a historical account of the Inklings of Oxford (C.S. Lewis, J.R.R. Tolkien, Charles Williams), Humphrey Carpenter includes several appendices. The first appendix includes additional biographical information on the people featured in the book. These details are saved for the appendix section rather than bog down the story. The second appendix is the bibliography – a list of all the books referenced in the story and used for researching the famous authors. The third appendix lists sources for the quotations used throughout the story – again, rather than bog down the body text. The last appendix serves as an acknowledgement page .
- In Leslie Jamison’s collection of essays, The Empathy Exams , a list of ‘Works Consulted’ includes books, other essays, articles, musical and dramatic works, and women consulted for the writing of her essays.
In each of these books, the appendices look different, and that’s because it comes down to how the author wants to present the information. In the writing of your book, you’ll find that a certain format works better than another. Above all else, you should focus on creating a book appendix page that is easy to understand and neatly presents additional resources for your readers to discover.
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Home / Book Formatting / How to Write the Appendix in a Book: A Complete Guide
How to Write the Appendix in a Book: A Complete Guide
If you're like me, researching your book is half the fun of writing. But not everything you research will make it into the body of the book. Still, that doesn't mean there's no place for this stuff. There is, and that place is the appendix. So read on to find out how to write the appendix in a book.
- What an appendix is
- Where it goes in the book
- What to include
- How to format your appendix
Table of contents
- What is an Appendix in a Book?
- Where Does the Appendix Go?
- Do You Need an Appendix?
- What Goes in an Appendix?
- Should Your Appendix Be In Your Table of Contents?
- Appendix Headings
- Appendix vs Reference List
- Book Appendix Examples
- Writing the Appendix in a Book: Conclusion
This is only one of many posts that discuss all the different components and parts that go into creating a book. We recommend further reading!
You can think of the appendix as a place for “bonus material” that doesn't make it into the main body of the book . If including the information in the book will interrupt the flow of the chapter, you can put it in the appendix (appendices, for more than one).
This information should still be at least tangentially relevant to the subject matter, but maybe just not important enough to include in the body.
Appendices are found in the back matter of books . It should come after the epilogue, afterword, and acknowledgments but before the glossary, endnotes, bibliography, index, and biographical note (in that order).
In the images below, I show how simple it is to add multiple appendices to your book with Atticus . The drag-and-drop menu allows you to select what type of section you would like to add and exactly where you would like to put it. You can also drag sections to different positions later, if you wish. For this one, I simply used a chapter section because appendices should be formatted like chapters. (More on this later.)
What Books Have Appendices?
As you can probably guess, your fiction book won't necessarily need an appendix. If it's a historical fiction book, you could put an appendix in, detailing interesting things you came across in your research. This is a personal preference. If your readers will appreciate it, then it could be worth the bit of extra effort to add a book appendix.
Nonfiction books most commonly have appendices. Many academic textbooks have supplementary information in one or more appendices. But you'll also see them in technical books, biographies, or any type of nonfiction for which you did significant research that might be of use to your readers.
If you ever had to write a research paper for school, you may remember having to add an appendix. Maybe this was a requirement to meet to get a passing grade on your essay. While the purpose of an appendix in book writing is the same, there is no requirement that you put one in. By definition, the appendix contains extra information that isn't directly relevant to your argument or the theme of your book.
So how do you know if you really need one?
Here are some guidelines you can use to determine if your book needs one or more appendices:
- There is a subject you can expand on that doesn't need to be in the body text of the book but may interest readers.
- You would like to provide additional information about your sources or research methods.
- You have interview transcripts, photos, correspondence, graphs, tables, or other supplementary material to provide.
- You would like to recommend further reading.
The information in an appendix is typically too long, complex, or detailed for mention in the body of the work. If what you want to reference is short enough for a footnote, then you don't need to put it into an appendix.
However, if it seems like a diatribe or something the reader doesn't need to understand the message or overall information you're trying to get across , it should go in the appendix.
The specifics of this information will depend entirely on the type of book. Technically, if your book is nonfiction, it can have an appendix. That doesn't necessarily mean that it should, though. It's best to look at similar books to see if they have appendices. If they do, you may want to include one or more in the back of your book.
Referencing Your Appendix
To make things as easy as possible for your reader, it's a good idea to reference your appendix correctly in the main text of your work. To do this, don't use page numbers. Instead, reference the title of the appendix. Here are a couple of examples:
- Correct: (See Appendix A for more details)
- Incorrect: (See page 443 for more details)
If you only have one appendix, you can simply say “See Appendix for more details.” You don't have to reference each appendix section in the body paragraphs. You can also reference them in footnotes, if appropriate.
If you have multiple appendices, you'll want to put them in the same order you referenced them in your main text. And to make it perfectly clear to your reader, use numbers or letters and titles to signify each appendix . Here are some examples:
- Appendix A: Interview Transcripts
- Appendix B: Photographs
- Appendix C: Family Tree
You can also use numbers instead of letters before your appendix label:
- Appendix 1: Recommended Reading
- Appendix 2: Charts
- Appendix 3: Polling Questions
Your separate appendices should be clearly labeled in your Table of Contents at the front of your book. This will make things easier on your readers, allowing them to quickly see on what page number each appendix starts. Be sure to include the appropriate appendix title here, as well.
Formatting Your Appendix
There aren’t any strict rules for formatting an appendix. As a rule of thumb, you’ll want to keep it in the same format as the rest of your book. This means using the same font, heading types, margins, and spacing.
You can reference whatever style manual you prefer for more information on formatting your appendix. For example, the Chicago Manual of Style allows for either letters or numbers. APA style suggests that you only use numbers for multiple appendices. Whichever you choose, just keep it consistent.
Appendix headings should be formatted just like chapter headings in your book. You can also include subheadings if you need to. And just like chapters, each new appendix should start on its own page.
In the image below, you can see how easy it is to format your appendix in the Atticus writing tool . From naming the appendix to adding headings and inserting information, we make things as easy as possible — even for those who’ve never used a dedicated writing tool like this before.
When it comes to labeling figures and tables, it's also good to reference your preferred style book for guidance. Most style books will state that you use the same number or letter of the appendix title . Under APA format, you would label those figures in Appendix A like so: Table A1, Table A2, Figure A1, Figure A2, etc.
It's important to note the difference between an appendix and a reference list. In most academic writing, a reference list, otherwise known as an annotated bibliography, is a requirement. An appendix is not always required. (Of course, college students should check with their professors).
In book writing, it will be up to the author to decide whether to include an appendix. Most nonfiction books should have a bibliography, though.
Stephen King's 1981 nonfiction overview of the horror genre, Danse Macabre , has two appendices. Since he discusses horror books and movies in the book, he has an appendix for each, labeled Appendix 1 for the books and Appendix 2 for the movies.
These are simple appendices, listing the books and movies he mentioned in the order in which they appear in the book. This is an excellent example of an appendix because it provides quick and easy reference for each book. However, he also has an Index, allowing readers to look up each mention by page, so they can go back and read over what King said about each piece of content.
Unless you're delving into a particularly complex topic, you won't need to include images or figures. Again, it's up to you what to include.
An appendix can be as simple as this:
Appendix A: Recommended Reading
- Book Title, Author Name
Below is an example of an appendix made in Atticus. With the preview feature, you can choose different ready-made formatting options to see how your book will look on over a dozen different devices. You can also make changes here to ensure your appendix looks exactly how you want it — and you don’t have to spend more than a few minutes getting it there.
For more appendix examples, a simple Google image search or a trip to the local library can yield more than enough appendices. You may even have books with appendices on your bookshelf now!
If you're writing fiction or literature, you won't need to include an appendix in your book . Even a lot of nonfiction books don't include appendices. It really comes down to the norms for your genre/subject matter and your preference as the author.
An appendix should include additional material that isn't vital to understanding the body of your work. You can reference your appendix in the body paragraphs or in your footnotes. Generally, you'll want to format the appendix in the same way you formatted your chapters . However, you can always consult your preferred style book for specifics on appendix formatting!
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by Melissa Drumm | 2 comments
An appendix is a section in the back of a nonfiction book where you can give supplementary or additional information not provided in the main text.
The information in an appendix is not essential to understanding the rest of the book, but rather gives interested readers a more in-depth look at a particular topic.
How to Write an Appendix
There are no real rules for formatting appendices; the type size and style should match the rest of your book.
At TCK, we use the Chicago Manual of Style, which designates that appendices can be placed either in the back matter preceding any endnotes , or at the end of individual chapters if the information they contain is essential to grasping the concepts in that particular chapter.
If you have more than one appendix, they should be labeled Appendix A, Appendix B, etc. (if you’re using Chicago style, you can also label them Appendix 1, Appendix 2, etc.), and should also be given titles to make clear their contents. For example:
Appendix A: Recommended Further Reading
If you put your appendices in the back of the book, they should appear in the order they’re referenced in the main text.
Book Appendix Examples
Here are a couple of example appendices:
Make sure to include appendices (with their full labels and titles) in your table of contents (if you have one).
Does Your Book Need an Appendix?
Appendices usually appear in nonfiction books. Not every book needs an appendix, but it might be helpful if you would like to:
- Offer more explanation and elaboration on a specific subject, which would otherwise interrupt the flow of the main text or would not be interesting to all readers
- Provide recommendations for further reading
- Provide more information about your sources, tools or instruments you used in your research, or interview transcripts
- Include visuals such as maps, photos, letters, figures, graphs, or drawings
- Include detailed statistics or data
- Include lengthy, detailed lists or tables
- Provide a detailed chronology of events (that is not essential to understanding the rest of the book)
What Should Be Included in an Appendix?
Make sure you don’t include vital information only in an appendix without telling readers that it is there.
You can include more than one appendix if you need to. Ideally, each item referred to in the main text should have its own appendix, though some can be grouped by category as long as they are clearly labeled.
Referencing an Appendix
In the main text, it is preferable to refer to the appendices by their labels, not by their page numbers. You can do this in parentheses, as in (See Appendix A), or in footnotes.
Have you used appendices in your work? What did they include? Tell us in the comments below.
If you liked this article, you may also like:
- How to Create a Glossary in Word
- Parts of a Book: The Basic Anatomy of Book Design
- How to Make a (Really Good) Book Index in Word
Melissa Drumm is a lifelong book lover. She is passionate about helping authors make their work the best it can be. You can find some of her writing here on the TCK blog, and learn more about her other projects at melissadrumm.com . When she’s not writing, editing, or reading, you’ll usually find her in the kitchen, baking.
Thanks for this detailed and precise explanation
You’re very welcome Robert, glad you found the post helpful!
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What Is An Appendix And How To Write One For Your Book
You’ve got some great content you want to add to your book.
But you’re not sure if including it in the main body of your work is a good idea.
Though it’s helpful and interesting (at least to you), it would interrupt the flow of the chapter it supports.
Plus, it’s not essential for understanding your book.
But it does add something you think is pretty special.
So, you’re thinking, “Is this appendix material ?”
Read on to find out.
What is An Appendix in A Book?
An appendix is a section in the back matter of your book (typically nonfiction but not always) that provides extra information about the story or topics covered.
The appendix of a book isn’t absolutely essential to your reader’s understanding of the book. It’s there to give your readers a more in-depth look at one of the topics you cover.
If it’s textual content, it usually supports what you’ve included in the main body or provides suggestions for further study. Appendices can also include visuals like images, tables, and graphs that support your core content but aren’t essential to your book.
Why Have a Book Appendix?
The main reason for creating an appendix (or multiple appendices) is to provide content that explores a particular topic in greater depth but isn’t necessary to your book.
Some readers won’t bother reading your appendices. They are essentially bonus material.
If you’re not sure whether to include something as an appendix, ask yourself the following two questions:
- Is this content nonessential but relevant and helpful to the reader?
- Is this too long to include as a footnote?
If you can answer both questions with a “Yes,” the content you’re considering is probably appendix material. To drill down to its purpose and determine if this content would add real value to your book, ask the following:
- Will this material help the reader better understand the topic?
- Does this provide helpful suggestions for further study?
- Does this provide useful information on my sources or data?
- Does this provide original source material referenced in my book?
- Does this add depth to the data presented in my book?
- Will this provide additional backup for my message or thesis?
If your answer to all these questions is a no, and you wouldn’t bother referencing this content in the main body of your book, your book is probably better off without it.
What to Include in the Appendix of a Book
The appendix of a book can include any of these:
- Tables, figures, charts, and diagrams — anything that supports the data you include in the main body of your work
- Memos — personal or professional memorandum that support your content
- Detailed technical specs — which may or may not interest your reader
- Maps — providing a visual reference for the events in your book
- Drawings — providing a sketch of something pertinent to but not essential to your book
- Photos — photographic images relevant to your book but not essential to it
- Glossary — a mini dictionary for terminology used in your book (academic or professional)
- Index — a list of specific terms used in your book with page numbers where they occur
- Chronology/timeline — a graphic showing events on a horizontal timeline or a (vertical) list of dates and details about events mentioned in the book
- Original source material — any copyright-protected content from other authors, used with their permission (if obtainable)
It can also include any supplemental content that’s too long or detailed to include in the main body of your book.
The purpose of an appendix is to help your reader better understand your work and the research behind it. It can help to look through similar books to see what their authors included.
We repeat (because it’s important), if this content isn’t important enough to reference in the main body of your work, don’t bother including it as an appendix, either.
How to Write an Appendix
Any content you add needs formatting, whether you’re writing the appendix yourself or uploading and inserting content from your sources (with permission). And formatting for your appendices should match that of the rest of your book:
- Same margins
- Same text formatting (fonts, font sizes, etc.)
- Same image formatting
Also, every appendix needs a title (or label) and a subtitle that describes its content.
Examples:
- Appendix A: Recommended Reading
- Appendix B: Childhood Photos
- Appendix 1: Timeline
- Appendix 2: Sample Transcripts
Though letters are more common (Appendix A, B, etc.), Chicago Style allows numbers for your appendix titles. As long as your appendices are in order, it doesn’t much matter whether you prefer letters or numbers.
Using descriptive subtitles is more important.
Book Appendix Examples
Appendices are as varied as the books that have them, as you’ll see in each example of an appendix included below.
We’ve included a few different types to get you thinking of the possibilities.
Example #1 — Recommended Reading
Via Techwallacdn
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Example #2 — Tools & Information
Via Slideserve
Example #3 — Sample Curriculum Guides
Via Studylib
Where to Find More Appendix Examples
Aside from an image search, one way to find appendix examples is to check out the “Look Inside” feature for Kindle ebooks on Amazon .
While you won’t typically see the appendix content in the ebook sample, if it includes the table of contents, you can at least see the types of appendices listed.
Appendices are one of those things that should show up on your book’s TOC.
Another great way to find a good example of an appendix is by looking through physical books at a bookstore or library. Focus on books in your chosen genre, and look through several, if possible, to see the types of appendix content included.
For extra credit, look at how the authors reference the appendices and what they include or don’t include in the main bodies of their books.
Where Is the Appendix in a Book?
Most often, appendices appear in a book’s back matter pages, after the epilogue or conclusion, and before the endnotes.
That said, The Chicago Manual of Style also allows authors to include appendices at the ends of the specific chapters they support.
If your goal is to keep your reader moving on to the next chapter, we recommend referring to the appendices in the body of your book and saving the actual content for the back matter pages.
Now that you’re up to speed on what an appendix is, what it can include, and where it goes, we’re betting you’ve got some ideas for making your book even more of a goldmine to your readers — especially those who, like you, love digging deeper.
Which idea will you work on this week?
Definition of Appendix in a Book or Written Work
Do you need a list of supplementary materials.
- An Introduction to Punctuation
- Ph.D., Rhetoric and English, University of Georgia
- M.A., Modern English and American Literature, University of Leicester
- B.A., English, State University of New York
The word appendix comes from the Latin "appendere," meaning "hang upon." An appendix is a collection of supplementary materials, usually appearing at the end of a report , academic paper, proposal (such as a bid or a grant), or book. It typically includes data and supporting documents the writer has used to develop the written work.
Examples of Supporting Materials
Not every report, proposal, or book requires an appendix. Including one, however, allows a writer to point to additional information that may be relevant to readers but would be out of place in the main body of the text. An appendix can give the reader more depth regarding the topic, supply resources for further reading or contact lists, or provide documentation to make the case for a grant or bid proposal. That said, an appendix should not be treated as an opportunity for padding .
Appendix information may include tables, figures, charts, letters, memos, detailed technical specs, maps, drawings, diagrams, photos, or other materials. In the case of research papers, supporting materials may include surveys, questionnaires, or schematics and the like that were used to produce the results included in the paper.
Supplemental vs. Elemental
Because of its supplementary nature, it's important that material in an appendix not be left to speak for itself. "This means that you must not put vital information only in an appendix without any indication in the main text that it is there," notes Eamon Fulcher, author of "A Guide to Coursework in Psychology."
An appendix is an ideal place to include information and other data that are simply too long or detailed to incorporate into the main body text. If these materials were used in the work's development, readers may want to reference them to double-check or locate additional information. Including the materials in an appendix is often the most organized way to make them available.
The appendix material should be streamlined, relevant to your topic or thesis, and useful to the reader—but it's not a place to put all of your research materials. The citations in the references, bibliography, works cited, or end notes will take care of citing your sources. An appendix is a place for items that help the reader's understanding of your work and research and the topic at hand. If the material is not important enough to refer to in your text, then don't include it in an appendix.
Fast Facts: Should You Include an Appendix?
Whether you include an appendix depends on your topic and what will benefit the reader. If you answer yes to one or more of these questions, create an appendix.
- Will supplemental materials aid the reader's understanding of your topic?
- Will they provide resources for further reading or exploration?
- Will they supply additional depth to the data presented in your report, article, book, or proposal?
- Will the materials provide additional backup for your thesis or message?
- Do you have items that would be unwieldy to present in a footnote?
Formatting an Appendix
The way in which you format your appendix depends on the style guide you have chosen to follow for your work. In general, each item referred to in your text (table, figure, chart, or other information) should be included as its own appendix. However, if there are many data sets under one grouping, keep them together in their appendix and label each piece appropriately.
If you have more than one appendix, label the appendices "Appendix A," "Appendix B," an so forth, so that you can easily cite them in the body of the report, and start each on a separate page. For the ease of the readers, put your appendices in the order that you refer to them in the paper and don't forget to note them in the table of contents—if your work has one.
Research papers, including academic and medical studies, usually follow APA style guidelines for the formatting of appendices. They can also follow the Chicago Manual of Style. For each of these styles, format the appendix as follows:
- APA: Center the title, and use upper and lowercase letters. The text of the appendix should be flush left, and you should indent your paragraphs.
- Chicago: The Chicago style manual also allows for numbered appendices (1, 2, 3, not just A, B, C). As far as location, they appear before any end notes sections so that any information in the appendices that needs a note can refer to the notes section. If there are many tables in the appendices, though, it might be best to keep the notes with the tables.
Appendix vs. Addendum
An addendum is new material added to a book or other written work after its first edition has been produced. For example, an addendum may contain updated research or additional sources that came to light or further explanation about the book from the author.
Addendums can also be used in legal documents. An addendum can change the terms of a contract, such as canceling sections or updating terms or pricing in sections of a contract without the contract becoming null and void in its entirety, which would require all parties involved to read, agree to, and sign it again. The parties to the contract simply need to sign the addendum, and usually initial the noted changes.
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- How to Use Parentheses in Writing
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Create a Great Book Appendix: A Guide for Nonfiction Authors
Clients often ask me what to put in the appendix of a book. Maybe you’re wondering: what goes in an appendix and how do I structure it? Here are some frequently asked questions and answers about the subject.
After reading this post and the Q&As, you’ll be ready to create a great supplement to your book.
What is an appendix in a book?
An appendix (plural: appendixes ) is supplementary material at the end of a piece of writing that brings value and insight to the reader. It is typically placed at the back of a book. According to The Copyeditor’s Handbook (p. 301), “An appendix gives the reader additional context that would seem distracting in the body of the book.”
An appendix, The Copyeditor’s Handbook adds, “offers a deeper understanding of a topic covered in the text; it does not simply contain table scraps left over from the author’s research after the manuscript is written.” It is neither required nor essential reading. It is relevant bonus information unsuited for placement in the main text.
Where is the appendix located in a book?
An appendix goes in the back matter, followed by these parts of the book (if included): chronology (if not in the frontmatter), glossary, endnotes, bibliography, index, and biographical note.
An appendix might appear online, whether or not it appears in a book. In rare cases, e.g., in an edited volume, it might go at the end of a chapter.
If length and cost is a factor, consider posting supplementary material to your author website, whether or not it appears in your book. You’ll not only save pages and money, you’ll also drive traffic to your site. And you can add more related content in the future.
Can I have more than one appendix?
You may include one appendix or a number of appendixes. Don’t get carried away, though!
If you have more than one appendix, each appendix begins on a new page, with the titling system Appendix A, Appendix B, etc.
Appendixes should appear in the order referenced in the main text.
Wait, is it appendixes or appendices?
The Chicago Manual of Style ( CMOS ) uses “appendixes” (without quotes).
The ultimate arbiter of general spelling matters for the CMOS is Merriam-Webster’s Collegiate Dictionary . CMOS prefers to use the primary variant of any spellings. (See CMOS , p. 418, section 7.1 and p. 419, section 7.6.)
The Collegiate (p. 60) gives “appendixes” as its primary variant, so use this spelling.
Appendix is a sixteenth-century word of Latin origin. As Patricia T. O’Conner and Stewart Kellerman have observed, “ Over time, plural endings of foreign-derived words tend to become Anglicized .”
Some dictionaries, e.g., Collins , which covers British English, prefer “appendices.” Traditional publishers and self-published authors may wish to exercise their own preferences. In any case, be consistent.
What should I include in an appendix?
My clients include lists, further resources, legislative or executive proclamations, transcriptions of primary source documents, genealogical information, speeches, or transcribed audio clips.
Theses and dissertations put interview questions, surveys, or IRB approval letters in appendixes.
In a biography on Sacagawea, the authors used appendix D to present a list of memorials to Sacagawea: geographical features, statues, and markers, among other things, named after the famous Indian guide.
Writing a book or wanting to? I’d like to start hooking you up with free articles, guides, and helpful resources for American nonfiction authors .
How do i format a book appendix.
There is no single format for an appendix.
Appendix headings look like chapter title headings. An appendix can have subheadings, if substantive. Each new appendix begins on a new page. If you have related items, you can group them into one appendix.
In the table of contents and in the heading of each separate index, the titling system is as follows: Appendix (if you have one only one), or Appendix A, Appendix B, etc.
According to CMOS , 17th edition (p. 30–31, section 1.59), it is permissible to number appendixes 1, 2, 3, etc., rather than A, B, C, and it is permissible to set them in a smaller type than the main text. If you have numbered tables within an appendix, the numbering scheme can cause confusion. My personal advice: stick to A, B, C.
What are some rules for capitalization and punctuation?
A note about capitalization from CMOS : When an author refers to a chapter or an appendix in the text, “Chicago prefers to lowercase the parts of a book, even if they’re titled generically, so in running text we would refer to “appendix A.”
Have you seen periods (full stops) after the word “Appendix” in an old book? Periods after chapter titles? Don’t do it. It is no longer standard practice. Period.
What else do I need to know?
Not all books need an appendix or appendixes.
Too many authors overload an appendix with irrelevant information. Ask yourself: Is it valuable for my readers? Is it relevant?
As a reader I often find appendixes to be a useful bonus, and in my developmental editing and copy editing work, I enjoy working with authors on what to leave in and what to leave out.
As a reader, what do you like to see in a book appendix? If you’re an author, what have you included in an appendix?
Thanks for reading,
In a Book, what is an Appendix?
An appendix is a section at the end of a book that includes supplementary information that the author or publisher thinks may be of interest to the reader, but is either too tangential or too detailed to be worked into the actual text. Appendices are commonly used to support the qualifications of the author and to increase the credibility of the publication. They may also be used to help readers navigate the work, as is the case with an index or bibliography. In a book with multiple appendices, they are usually identified by letter, as in “Appendix A,” “Appendix B,” and so forth, and are often be paginated differently from the rest of the book.
A Place For Additional Information
All sorts of information can be included in an appendix. As a general rule, this portion of a book contains information that would not have been appropriate in the primary text, but is still important. For example, a book on natural childbirth might include an list of sources used and works which may be of additional interest to the reader — books from other cultures, for instance, or medical guides that may be beyond the scope of the author’s goals. This makes it easy for readers to get more information without requiring the author to touch on absolutely everything.
Supporting Data
Raw data is frequently presented in the appendices of scientific and scholarly works so that people can see immediate sources for themselves. Tables, charts, and graphs are common here — these elements are important, but are often seen as overly distracting when placed directly in the body of the text. Including these elements at the end is a good way to make sure that they are accessible. Failure to include raw data can lead to censure or questions about the credibility of the analysis. In the eyes of some readers, the only reason to omit data is to cover up bad research or poor methodology.
Indices and Topical Guides
Many works also include an index or itemized references to specific topics in the book. Cookbooks, for instance, commonly have an index of recipes by ingredient so that someone who wants to look up a recipe using onions can flip to “onions” in the index and see which pages of the book contain onion recipes. Most of the time, recipes are sorted by title as well in order to give maximum flexibility.
Indexes may also be arranged by topic, individual, or main idea. This sort of organization is particularly useful for readers who want to be able to refer back to something they remembered enjoying or are wanting to know more about. Glossaries are another thing commonly found in appendices — these are resources that define terms used in the text, usually with a page reference to where the word, term, or person named can be read about in more depth.
Original Materials
An appendix can also include first hand sources like letters, photographs, cargo manifests, and other original documents in works of research. Bibliographers are fond of including this kind of information for their readers, often because they find it intriguing but may not have had the time to go over it in detail. It is also possible to find references like maps and technical drawings in this area.
Footnotes and Endnotes
Some style guides recommend including footnotes or endnotes in an appendix rather than in the text itself. This can reduce distraction, and also gathers footnoted information in one convenient spot rather than forcing readers to flip back and forth between numerous pages to consult different sources.
A book appendix should not be confused with the vermiform appendix , which is a vestigial organ found in humans. Many believe that the book appendix was named after the organ, in that neither is truly essential: humans can live without their appendices just as books would be complete without the supplemental materials, guides, and indices included at the back.
Ever since she began contributing to the site several years ago, Mary has embraced the exciting challenge of being a LanguageHumanities researcher and writer. Mary has a liberal arts degree from Goddard College and spends her free time reading, cooking, and exploring the great outdoors.
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- By: Vivian Seefeld Cookbooks often contain appendices of ingredients.
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The appendix has historically been considered to be a vestigial organ without any known function. However, it often becomes inflamed, and appendicitis is a common cause of acute and chronic abdominal pain with appendectomy being one of the commonest operations performed by general surgeons. Like the tonsils, uterus, and gall bladder, it also carries the distinction of being an organ which is often removed for dubious indications. This tendency has been exacerbated by the widespread practice and popularity of laparoscopic surgery. The majority of this book naturally focuses on the problem of appendicitis and the various issues in its management. Many of the authors have also brought in their substantial personal experience which, though not necessarily based on scientific studies, is valuable in a given clinical situation. The two chapters on appendicular tumors come from experts who are considered leaders in this field and their message is that these tumors can be treated effectively if diagnosed early and managed appropriately.
This issue has contributions from a wide variety of specialists including gastro surgeons, colorectal surgeons, surgical oncologists, laparoscopic surgeons, pediatric surgeons, and pathologists. The collection not only highlights what is a relatively ignored topic but also sounds a cautionary note against trivialization of appendicular disease and appendectomy.
- Print length 167 pages
- Language English
- Sticky notes On Kindle Scribe
- Publisher Elsevier India
- Publication date December 12, 2014
- File size 3665 KB
- Page Flip Enabled
- Word Wise Not Enabled
- Enhanced typesetting Enabled
- See all details
Product details
- ASIN : B00WU285TY
- Publisher : Elsevier India (December 12, 2014)
- Publication date : December 12, 2014
- Language : English
- File size : 3665 KB
- Simultaneous device usage : Up to 4 simultaneous devices, per publisher limits
- Text-to-Speech : Enabled
- Screen Reader : Supported
- Enhanced typesetting : Enabled
- X-Ray : Not Enabled
- Word Wise : Not Enabled
- Sticky notes : On Kindle Scribe
- Print length : 167 pages
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What Is the Appendix of a Book?
Perhaps the most well-known book appendix is at the end of T he Lord of the Rings: Return of the King . With six appendices spanning over 200 pages, Appendices A – F cover languages, spelling, family trees, chronologies, and the annals of kings and rulers. Appendix D alone is dedicated entirely to the calendar of the Shire. And each one is an excellent example of the proper use of an appendix : a place to put interesting information that doesn’t fit in the book’s flow.
When do you need an appendix in a book?
Despite our introductory example, an appendix is most often found in non-fiction. An appendix is used when the author wants to include details the reader may find fascinating but would otherwise break up the story.
For instance, a book on southern cuisine may include an appendix on the impact of nearby phosphorus mining on the taste profile of rice. Interesting, but not necessarily relevant to a recipe on jambalaya.
As the Chicago Manual of Style notes, “ an appendix may include explanations and elaborations that…are helpful to a reader seeking further clarification, texts of documents, long lists, survey questions, or sometimes even charts and tables .”
While writing your non-fiction book, there’s a good chance you’ll find some information just like this. Tangentially related stories that are fascinating but would require a real stretch to work into your text. And before the internet, an appendix was the best place to put that material.
What can I use instead of a book appendix?
Since the early 2000s, the use of appendices has waned in favor of social media alternatives. Instead of burying, say, a study on breakroom ethics in the back of a business growth book, authors post them online. Each article is then a chance to direct interested readers to read more in their book.
Where does a book appendix go?
An appendix will always go at the back of the book, before other back matter (if you’re adhering to the Chicago Manual of Style). A commonly accepted order is:
- Chronology (a chronological list of the events taking place in the book)
- Bibliography
- List of Contributors
- Biographical note (a brief note about the author and their other publications, if applicable.)
- Colophon (an inscription including the facts of production)
- Errata (on the rare occasion that a previously printed version contained significant errors, this page lists the correction to those errors in this edition)
How to write an appendix for a book
If the back of a book is better than online for your appendix material, follow these general guidelines:
- Keep the appendix material in the order of the material its referencing in the book
- Consider breaking charts, graphs, and images into different appendices than written material for quick reference.
- When using more than one Appendix, label them alphabetically: Appendix A, Appendix B, and so on. This makes them easier to reference in the main body of the text.
Example of an appendix in a book
In Jack Daly’s Life By Design , the author uses the appendix to share the Top 100 Playable Golf Courses in the US. His book, which “ provides concrete methods for helping readers design and live their own best lives” also has appendices for triathlons, marathons, and life goal examples.
While Daly’s book focuses on the practical “how-to” of how success, happiness, and making time for the right things can coincide, the appendices are an excellent touch. They create a connection, as though Daly is a good friend offering his advice rather than a distant author.
This may be one of the best ways to use an appendix – to connect on another level with your reader. But whether you’re using it for additional data, charts, or just some final thoughts, be sure to relate it back to the primary work and, if possible, keep it under 200 extra pages!
Kristin Hackler
Director of book planning.
As the Director of Book Planning, I assist in guiding author vision sessions so that we can develop an effective and engaging foundation on which their book can be built.…
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- Top Definitions
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- New Word List
- a process or projection.
- the vermiform appendix .
OTHER WORDS FOR appendix
Origin of appendix, synonym study for appendix, usage note for appendix, words that may be confused with appendix, words nearby appendix, words related to appendix, how to use appendix in a sentence.
Jones missed all but one game in the 1953-1954 season because of a ruptured appendix .
Much of that data was included in the appendix to the report.
An appendix published years later clarifying those federal rules, which more cleanly describe mobility challenges, states mental illnesses are not considered a disability under the federal transit rules.
The neighborhood updated its community plan in 2018 and devoted a whole appendix on planning for sea level rise.
When he was 12, his appendix burst and he underwent emergency surgery, followed by a desperate eight-hour ambulance ride to another hospital in search of better medication to stop the bleeding.
The longtime justice, appointed by President Clinton, added a lengthy appendix of evidence he found relevant to his dissent.
Things go well until Oscar the Grouch is diagnosed with a burst appendix and Romney discovers he is uninsured.
That appendix is taken more seriously because it is between the covers of a holy book.
Comes with the funniest footnotes and appendix (no kidding) ever written.
The procedure is now the most common surgery performed in the U.S.—more common than getting your tonsils or appendix removed.
I shall then give an account of my various excursions in an Appendix , and afterwards resume the thread of my journal.
The geological character of this rock is more fully treated upon in the Appendix by my friend Dr. Fitton.
See Appendix I for the exact facts which were not known to me until long afterwards.
Mr. Brae, in the Appendix to his edition of Chaucer's Astrolabe (p. 101), has a long note on the present passage.
The table as prepared is set out in Appendix A to this report.
British Dictionary definitions for appendix
Word origin for appendix, scientific definitions for appendix, cultural definitions for appendix.
A small saclike organ located at the upper end of the large intestine . The appendix has no known function in present-day humans, but it may have played a role in the digestive system in humans of earlier times. The appendix is also called the vermiform appendix because of its wormlike (“vermiform”) shape.
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Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook
Student resources, appendix from the book.
Download the book’s Appendix to use with course materials.
› Appendix
IMAGES
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COMMENTS
An appendix is the inclusion of details and information that pertains to but would clutter the main text. An attachment is a separate document with unique information that is attached to another document.
P.L. 94–241; P.L. 95–134; Authorization for Appropriations—Insular Areas P.L. 95–348; Northern Mariana Islands P.L. 98–213; Insular Affairs Proclamation 4534 Proclamation 5207 Proclamation 5564 [48 U.S.C. 1681 note] To approve the “Covenant...
This file is an appendix to the Measuring Alcohol Outlet Density: A Toolkit for State and Local Surveillance pdf icon[PDF – 22 MB]. It was written by Mike Dolan Fliss, PhD, MPS, MSW, Research Scientist, University of North Carolina, Injury ...
An appendix page is a section located at the back of a book that includes any additional or supplementary information on the book's topic, such
You can think of the appendix as a place for “bonus material” that doesn't make it into the main body of the book.
An appendix is a section in the back of a nonfiction book where you can give supplementary or additional information not provided in the main text.
An appendix is a section in the back matter of your book (typically nonfiction but not always) that provides extra information about the story
The word appendix comes from the Latin "appendere," meaning "hang upon." An appendix is a collection of supplementary materials
What is an appendix in a book? ... An appendix (plural: appendixes) is supplementary material at the end of a piece of writing that brings value
An appendix is a section at the end of a book that includes supplementary information that the author or publisher thinks may be of interest
Buy The Appendix - ECAB - E-Book: Read Books Reviews - Amazon.com.
Perhaps the most well-known book appendix is at the end of The Lord of the Rings: Return of the King. With six appendices spanning over 200
Appendix, supplement both mean material added at the end of a book. An appendix gives useful additional information, but even without it the rest of the
Download the book's Appendix to use with course materials.› Appendix.