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- 1. Essay Questions *ESSAY QUESTIONS Presenter Name Presentation Date Group no. 5 Sonam Dorji Choney Dorji Deepak Sharma Khandu Wangmo Karma Letho Group No. 8 Phuntsho Choden Tshering Dema Sherab Jatsho Namgyel Wangchuk Jigme Wangchuk
- 2. OUTLINE *Definitions *Types of essay questions *Guidelines *Advantages *Disadvantages *Conclusion *References
- 3. *"A test item which requires a response composed by the examinee,. . . . . .usually in the form of one or more sentences, of a nature that no single response or pattern of responses can be listed as correct, . . . … and the accuracy and quality of which can be judged subjectively only by one skilled or informed in the subject."
- 4. Essay Definition:- An examination or test questions that requires an explanation and analytical answer in a sentence, paragraph, or short composition .
- 5. There are two major purposes for using essay questions; First purpose is to assess students' understanding of and ability to think with subject matter content. Secondly it is to assess students' writing abilities. However in general essay questions are most suitable for the purposes such as To assess students’ understanding of subject-matter content To assess students’ abilities to reason with their knowledge of a subject. Asses high order thinking ability.
- 6. Types of Essay items. Norman E. Gronlund (1985) classified into : 1.Restricted Response Questions. 2.Extended Response Questions
- 7. Restricted Response Questions *The RRQ places strict limits on the answer to be given. The boundaries of the subject matter to be considered are usually narrowly defined by the problem, and the specific form of the answer is also commonly indicated (by word such as “list”, “define” and “give reasons”)
- 8. *Contd. . . Examples : 1.LIST two reasons why the director had planned to install a fake elephant? Explain how he executed his plan. (BHSEC) 2. Outline the Concept of Giant Chromosome with respect to chromosome discovered by Ruckert.
- 9. Extended Response Questions *The ERQ gives students almost unlimited freedom to determine the form and scope of their responses. *Although in some instances rather rigid practical limits may be imposed, such as time limits or page limits, restrictions on the material to be included in the answer and on the form of responses are held to a minimum. *Provides for the creative integration of ideas, the overall evaluation of materials, and a broad approach to problem solving.
- 10. Examples : 1.After reading the essay, how did the essay affect you? Write down your feelings. (BHSEC/01II/2013 ) 2.Euthenics and Eugenics are known to be science which helps in proper human race propagation. Enumerate the statement with essay describing the necessity of this science in ideal human race
- 11. 1. Never use essay questions simply to measure knowledge of facts. Example: Poor item: What do you think would happen if mitochondria had a structure like lysosomes? Better item: For a cell and its organelles, structure and functions are intimately related, If one is changed ,the other is affected. What do you think would happen if mitochondria had a structure like lysosomes? Give details in your discussion.
- 12. 2. Clearly define the intended learning outcome to assessed by the item. Sometimes questions are so broad and unfocused that it is difficult for students to know how to respond. Poor: Discuss the migration habits of birds. Better: State two hypotheses about why birds migrate south in the fall. Summarize the evidence supporting each hypothesis and defend one you believe is most accurate.
- 13. 3.Questions that ask students to draw a judgment should be evaluated based on Strength of their arguments not on whether they agree with their position. Example: World is today in badly need of GNH principle. Do you agree or disagree. Support your answer with relevant and validated reasons.
- 14. 4. Specify the word limits and the approximate time limit in clear directions. helps students allocate their time in answering several essay questions because the directions clarify the relative merit of each essay question. Without such guidelines students may feel at a loss as to how much time to spend on a question. When deciding how much time should be spent on a question, keep the slower students and students with certain disabilities in mind.
- 15. 5. Preview and Review a. Predict student responses. b. Write a model answer. c. Ask a knowledgeable colleague to critically review the essay question, the model answer, and the intended learning outcome for alignment. d. Review student responses to the essay question.
- 16. 6. The task can be written as a statement or question. In essay questions, the task can be presented either in the form of a direct question or an imperative statement. If written as a question, then it must be readily translatable into the form of an imperative statement. Question How does the use of chemical fertilizer affects the yield and quantity of crop? Imperative statement The use of chemical fertilizer increases the yield and quality of crop. Justify.
- 17. 7. State the criteria for grading Students should know what criteria will be applied to grade their responses. The content of all of your responses to essay questions will be graded in terms of the accuracy, completeness, and relevance of the ideas expressed. The form of your answer will be evaluated in terms of clarity, organization, correct mechanics (spelling, punctuation, grammar, capitalization), and legibility.
- 18. 8. Develop a list of the main points that should be included and develop a scoring system. To be fair and accurate it is essential to prepare a scoring key that specifies • The major points to be included, • The amount of credit to assigned for each major point.
- 19. 9. Minimize the influence of extraneous factor Random checking or reshuffle Evaluate same question at a time of all the student. Use ID number instead of name or teacher should prevent knowing who’s answer sheet it is.
- 20. 10. Avoid the use of optional questions The use of optional questions should be avoided for the following reasons: 1. Students may waste time deciding on an option. 2. Some questions are likely to be harder to answer than others. This could make the comparative assessment of students' abilities unfair. 3. The use of optional questions makes it difficult to evaluate if all students are equally knowledgeable about topics covered in the test. Note :- This tip is not always true if you want to test high thinking ability of student.
- 21. Assess higher-order or critical thinking skills. Evaluate student thinking and reasoning. Provides a more realistic task for the student. Relatively easy to construct Reduces guessing. *Advantages
- 22. Time consuming. Students may complain about subjectivity in scoring. Difficult to measure a large amount of content. Generally has low test and scorer reliability. Can encourage bluffing. *Disadvantages
- 23. Essay questions are one of the most commonly used methods for assessing student learning. Essay items challenge students to create a response rather than to simply select a response. Essays have the potential to reveal students' abilities to reason, create, analyze, synthesize, and evaluate. *Conclusion
- 24. Cont…. Essay exams are good to use when trying to determine what students know about a few broad topics. Essay exams typically consist of a small number of questions to which the student is expected to demonstrate his/her ability to: recall knowledge organize knowledge present the knowledge in a logical, integrated answer Students should be given the criteria used to grade the exams in advance to help them prepare for them. MCQ can be best compliment for essay but cannot be adequate substitution for essay question.
- 25. Blaine R. Worthen, K. R. (1999). Measurement andassessment in schools. Boston: Addison Wesley Longman. Borich, T. K. (2007). Educational testing and measurement. Danvers: Jay O'Callaghan. Brown, G.T.L. (2008).Conceptions of assessment: Understanding what assessment means to teachers and students. New York: Nova Science. Essay items; Hope you can write (2005). Retrieved from http://www.sagepub.com/up data/6429_Chapter_7__Salkind_(Tests)_I_Proof_3.pdf. Gredler, M. E. (1999). Classroom Assessment and learning.South Carolina: Addison Wesley Longman. Lin,R.L &Rronlund, N.E.(2003). Measurement and Assessments in Teaching. Singapore.Pearson *References Education,Inc. Reiner, C.M, Bothell, T.W, & Sudweek, R.R. (2002). Preparing Effective Essay Questions; A Selfdirected Workbook for Educators. Retrieved from https://testing.byu.edu/info/ handbooks/WritingEf ectiveEssayQuestions.pdf
- 26. THANK YOU
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Essay Type Questions and Their Improvement
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Writing constructed response items
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ESSAY TYPE 0F QUESTIONS - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
ESSAY TYPE 0F QUESTIONS
Identify situations where essay type questions are used for evaluation. construct model answer and to assign ... reasoning and lucid expressions like. ex. ... – powerpoint ppt presentation.
- Dr.K.S.Sujatha
- Assistant Professor
- Bengaluru-560056
- Identify situations where essay type questions are used for evaluation
- Construct model answer and to assign weight age to its elements, for objective scoring
- Formulate short answer questions
- M E Q to evaluate higher levels of cognitive domain
- Relatively easy to frame
- Give the students a freedom for effective expression and to test their knowledge, reasoning and ability to organise ideas
- Essay questions are useful when
- -a few questions in depth are enough to assess
- reasoning and lucid expressions like
- Ex. Correlate the changes in the ovary with those of endometrium during a menstrual cycle or after fertilization
- Limited range of application
- Lack of objectivity
- Inconsistent and time consuming scoring pattern
- Hardly any feedback to the teacher
- Scope for guesswork by the students
- Scoring pattern shows halo/anti-halo effect
- Preparing a model answer with subdivisions of scores for each element
- Scoring of all answers to the same questions should be done before proceeding to the next to avoid the carry over or HALO effect
- Conceal the identity of students
- Averaging the scores of two examiners
- Avoid distractions during scoring
- Ensure adequate scoring time
- Framing short essay questions which elicit restricted response
- Easier to set as wide range of subjects can be covered.
- It ensures more objective scoring.
- Provides less scope for guesswork.
- Examiners should NOT
- _provide clues.
- _give trivial questions.
- Patient Management Problem ( P M P )
- 2. Modified Essay Question ( M E Q )
- The format has questions closely resembling a series of short answer questions than an essay question
- Framing M E Q requires a certain amount of skill.
- Things to be avoided are
- giving answers to previous questions
- avoid students from being penalised for the same error.
- It is apparent that essay type questions can be improved.
- So that the higher cognitive learning of the student can be improved.
- Essay test questions must be improved rather than abandoning the test totally in favour of multiple choice test.
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Answering Essay Questions
Answering Essay Questions. Understand the question- read the question carefully and pick out relevant information Plan- this will make it easier when you start writing as you will have a brief outline Convey your thoughts in an organized manner
- Darcie Middleton
- basic summary
- previously unmade
- loveless upbringing
- accurate impression
- task embedding quotations
- red room evil circus
- More by User
Presentation Transcript
Understand the question- read the question carefully and pick out relevant information • Plan- this will make it easier when you start writing as you will have a brief outline • Convey your thoughts in an organized manner • Use relevant technical terminology to answer the question • Support your answer with evidence and/or examples
Vocabulary and Structure • Relevant and complex vocabulary • Clear structure • Variation of simple and complex sentence structures • Linking paragraphs • Topic sentence
Embedding Quotations • Put inverted commas at the beginning and end of the quotation. • Write the quotation exactly as it appears in the original. • Do not use a quotation that repeats what you have just written. • Use the quotation so that it fits into your sentences. • Keep the quotation as short as possible.
Examples of embedding quotations • When he listens to his mother talking about the Hooper's, Kingshaw hates the voice that she uses, “He hated the voice she put on for talking about the Hooper's”. • Listening to his mother talking about the Hooper's, Kingshaw “hated the voice she put on”. • Mrs Kingshaw’s opinion that Warings is “so satisfactory, so safe” is an ironic example of her limited understanding and self deception.
Task- Embedding Quotations Find and use a quotation from the second chapter to illustrate Hooper’s attitude towards Kingshaw. Try to embed the quotation into your analysis.
Referring to Themes and Symbols Nature Crow Love Warings Themes Symbols Isolation Red Room Evil Circus Always refer to themes and symbols from the text in your essay. Back up your points with quotations!
Sophisticated Interpretation To write a good essay, we must take the basic summary of plot, characters and style into a deeper and more meaningful discussion. We do this through the in-depth discussion of the implicit meanings of the aforementioned items in relation to the broader themes and the subtext. This could focus on few specific aspects of the novel, or more broadly into the author’s diction or narrative style. For example, Susan Hill writes mostly from the perspective of Kingshaw, which provides a deeper insight into the character’s thoughts and feelings.
Task- Sophisticated Interpretation Discuss the symbols and their connotations from the crow scene.
Evaluation and Conclusion The conclusion brings closure to the reader. All it needs is three or four strong sentences. When you write your conclusion the main danger is that the conclusion may come across as a pile of previously unmade or under-developed points. Try and summarise all of the points you have already made, in your conclusion.
Plan • 1. Make an essay plan. • 2. If possible type it up on word. This will allow you to correct mistakes. • 3. Introduce argument in first paragraph. • 4. In the following paragraphs develop this argument with details, examples and other possible points of view. • 5. Sum up your argument in one sentence. • 6. Make sure you answer the question. • 7. When completed, go back over it and proofread – eliminate careless errors and improve expression. • 8. Read it many times to make sure it makes sense.
Essay Tips • Set aside some time at the start of your work to plan what you have to do. • List all the points that you feel are needed to cover the task. • Use a highlighter to collect quotations which could be helpful. • Focus on main points of essay. • Write the essay, remembering all the time the central point you are making. • In the closing sentence try to sum up your argument in one sentence, for example:
Examples • A closing statement about a character: • Fielding’s role is to represent normality as the happy product of a loving family, providing a strong contrast with Hooper and Kingshaw. • A closing statement about an opinion on the setting: • I believe that the description of Warings provides an appropriate background for the disturbing events of this story. • A closing statement about a judgement of a theme: • In her exploration of the characters of Hooper and Kingshaw, I believe Susan Hill has created a disturbing and accurate impression of the loneliness of childhood.
When forced into closed proximity, Hill still portrays each character as isolated figures unable to relate with others. For example, Hooper’s first words to Kingshawwere, “I don’t want you to come here”. Hill uses this brief callous sentence to convey the sense of seclusion; perhaps not loneliness, but certainly the resentment Hooper feels at the intrusion to his life. This sense of isolation between the characters is further exponentiated at the marriage of Mr Hooper and Mrs Kingshaw. Traditionally performed as a union of love, Mr Hooper describes the marriage as “physical”. Hill’s usage of such depiction suggests that the contemplation of marriage does not actually bring forth mutual affection or esteem, but merely sexual gratification. Embeds the quotation to explore the feelings of the characters. examines isolation as a theme and shows it at another point in the book.
How does Hill make Hooper such an unpleasant character? Support your answer with details from the text.
Intro Hill uses a variety of techniques to give the impression that Hooper is a very unpleasant character. Throughout the novel the reader sympathises with Kingshaw, who Hooper bullies mercilessly, and is left wondering whether Hooper’s loveless upbringing is to blame for his apparently amoral behaviour or whether he could be considered to be inherently evil.
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In short ,essay items are used for the advantages they offer. Despite the advantages associated with essay question there are numerous
Essay Definition:- An examination or test questions that requires an explanation and analytical answer in a sentence, paragraph, or short
Problem solving type of essay question. A short history is given to the student, based on which questions are asked. Requires the student to apply what he has
Identify situations where essay type questions are used for evaluation. Construct model answer and to assign ... reasoning and lucid expressions like. Ex. .
Your essay should be structured as a direct response to the specific question you have been set. Be selective in what you write about the topic; make sure it
Its a practical alternative to the long essay question. They are commonly used in examinations to assess the basic knowledge and understanding of a topic before
In short ,essay items are used for the advantages they offer. Despite the advantages associated with essay question there are numerous disadvantages also.
There are assessment items other than essay questions that require students to construct responses (e.g., short answer, fill in the blank). Essay questions are
Restricted-response essay. limits content and response to be given; can limit via how narrowly question is phrased (e.g., as specific as a short-answer
Answering Essay Questions. Understand the question- read the question carefully and pick out relevant information Plan- this will make it