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Responsible mining: the key to profitable resource development.

essay about responsible mining

1. Introduction and Perspective

Box 1. the non-sustainability of mining ., 2. eight principles of responsible mining, 2.1. principle 1: social and environmental assessment, an objective social and environmental assessment must be the starting point for project design toward responsible mining, 2.2. principle 2: transparency vs. secrecy, no social and environmental assessment should be kept secret from potentially impacted stakeholders, 2.3. principle 3: acceptance by stakeholders, if stakeholders don’t want the proposed project, it should not go ahead, box 2. negotiating with indigenous peoples ., 2.4. principle 4: food production trumps questionable mining, mining must not decrease resources in areas of scarce land or water, 2.5. principle 5: compliance with international standards, responsible mining corporations will uphold all international social and environmental agreements as well as the practices of corporate and social responsibility, box 3. international environmental and social agreements relevant to mining ., box 4. codes of conduct and standards followed by better mining corporations. most of these codes and performance standards are voluntary; they need to become mandatory; compliance must be monitored by independent third parties and enforced. of course, not all of these codes and standards will apply to every mine. but the mining corporation’s in-house e&s unit should be aware of the codes, keep up to date as the codes evolve, and tell their corporation which codes it has to meet and how ., 2.6. principle 6: prequalification or certification of potential mining permit seekers, the best practice is for all mines to engage in a rigorous independent certification regime, as suggested in the iucn world conservation congress’ resolution 4.088, 2.7. principle 7: insurance and performance bonds, insurance and performance bonds, mechanisms to foster compliance with contractual obligations and to improve the quality of results, should become standard in mining, 2.8. principle 8: royalties, taxes and fees, responsible mining accurately assesses all relevant costs and benefits to ascertain whether the proposed mine will earn a significant net benefit, box 5. acid rock drainage and submarine tailings disposal ., 3. government and social support for best-practice responsible mining, 4. no-go zones for mining, 4.1. indigenous peoples reserves, 4.2. conflict zones, 4.3. fragile watersheds, box 6. no more mining on small islands ., 4.4. biodiversity, habitats, and wildlands, box 7. the new priority of conserving forest for carbon sequestration ., 4.5. cultural property, 5. conclusion, compensatory offsets, box a1. the precautionary principle ., definition of compensatory offsets, types of environmental offsets, box a2. figuring carbon offset costs ., box a3. newmont’s conga project in peru ., how much is enough: multipliers, compensation for social impacts, acknowledgements, annex references.

© 2012 by the authors; licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open-access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/).

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Goodland, R. Responsible Mining: The Key to Profitable Resource Development. Sustainability 2012 , 4 , 2099-2126. https://doi.org/10.3390/su4092099

Goodland R. Responsible Mining: The Key to Profitable Resource Development. Sustainability . 2012; 4(9):2099-2126. https://doi.org/10.3390/su4092099

Goodland, Robert. 2012. "Responsible Mining: The Key to Profitable Resource Development" Sustainability 4, no. 9: 2099-2126. https://doi.org/10.3390/su4092099

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Responsible Mining and Energy

Demand for natural resources such as minerals, oil and gas continues to grow — but at what cost to the planet that sustains us?

essay about responsible mining

Our global economy relies upon natural resources extracted from the Earth, but removing them can cause erosion, pollution, deforestation and species loss, not to mention the climate impact of burning fossil fuels once they’re out of the ground. As development continues to encroach on natural areas, smart businesses are seeking ways to reduce their impacts — while also transitioning to a low-carbon energy future.

Why are mining and energy important?

Resources to build.

Aluminum. Iron. Gold. Lead. If it can’t be grown or made, it was probably mined. These materials are used in almost everything — from buildings and cars to cell phones and laptops — yet most of the world’s store of metals and minerals remains undiscovered.

Energy demand is growing

As the world’s population continues to grow, demand for sources of energy continues to rise. Global energy consumption is expected to increase 28% from 2015 to 2040, and approximately 60% of the increase will come from developing nations.

Jobs and prosperity

The mining, oil and gas industries are leading engines of job creation and economic growth — particularly in developing countries — as well as a large source of revenue for many governments.

What are the issues?

Investing in natural climate solutions.

In addition to supporting a responsible low-carbon energy transition, our work with the energy sector aims to increase investments in natural climate solutions, which can provide 30 percent or more of the emissions reductions needed to meet the goals set by the Paris Agreement.   

Championing responsible business practices

We engage companies, decision-makers, industry groups and other stakeholders in the energy and mining sectors to support responsible business practices for avoiding and mitigating negative impacts and delivering positive impacts for healthy ecosystems and societies.

Developing tools to improve practices

Conservation International works to develop science-based tools that strengthen environmental management practices and related decision-making.

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Mining extracts useful materials from the earth. Although mining provides many valuable minerals, it can also harm people and the environment.

Anthropology, Archaeology, Earth Science, Geology

Open-Pit Copper Mine

Throughout history, minerals, like copper, have been extracted from the earth for human use. It is still mined in places like this open-pit mine outside of Silver City, New Mexico, in the United States.

Photograph by Joe Raedle/Getty Images

Throughout history, minerals, like copper, have been extracted from the earth for human use. It is still mined in places like this open-pit mine outside of Silver City, New Mexico, in the United States.

Mining is the process of extracting useful materials from the earth. Some examples of substances that are mined include coal, gold, or iron ore . Iron ore is the material from which the metal iron is produced.

The process of mining dates back to prehistoric times. Prehistoric people first mined flint, which was ideal for tools and weapons since it breaks into shards with sharp edges. The mining of gold and copper also dates back to prehistoric times.

These profitable substances that are mined from the earth are called minerals . A mineral is typically an inorganic substance that has a specific chemical composition and crystal structure. The minerals are valuable in their pure form, but in the earth they are mixed with other, unwanted rocks and minerals . This mix of rock and minerals is usually carried away from the mine together, then later processed and refined to isolate the desired mineral .

The two major categories of modern mining include surface mining and underground mining. In surface mining, the ground is blasted so that ores near Earth’s surface can be removed and carried to refineries to extract the minerals. Surface mining can be destructive to the surrounding landscape, leaving huge open pits behind. In underground mining, ores are removed from deep within the earth. Miners blast tunnels into the rock to reach the ore deposits. This process can lead to accidents that trap miners underground.

Along with accidents, a career in mining can also be dangerous since it can lead to health problems. Breathing in dust particles produced by mining can lead to lung disease. One of the most common forms is black lung disease, which is caused when coal miners breathe in coal dust. Many other types of mining produce silica dust, which causes a disease similar to black lung disease. These are incurable diseases that cause breathing impairment and can be fatal.

The mining process can also harm the environment in other ways. Mining creates a type of water pollution known as acid mine drainage . First, mining exposes sulfides in the soil. When the rainwater or streams dissolves the sulfides, they form acids . This acidic water damages aquatic plants and animals. Along with acid mine drainage , the disposal of mine waste can also cause severe water pollution from toxic metals. The toxic metals commonly found in mine waste, such as arsenic and mercury, are harmful to the health of people and wildlife if they are released into nearby streams.

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EssaysForStudent.com - Free Essays, Term Papers & Book Notes

Responsible Mining

By: sminklet   •  Essay  •  1,025 Words  •  August 13, 2014  •  4,757 Views

The mining industry has a significant role in the Philippine economy. Economic expansion is due to the following advantages brought about by mining:

1) Higher tax incomes for the government;

2) Increase in employment in local communities;

3) An increase in demand for goods and services;

4) Supplies raw materials that are needed to build and maintain industries and economies;

5) Excellent support for mining industry in the international community;

6) and, increased foreign investments.

Mining is obviously harmful to the environment. It brings about deforestation since trees and vegetation have to be cleared out and burned in order to allow mine. The chemicals used in the process are also dangerous to the environment as they pollute the water sources and other living organisms. Mining takes the minerals from the ground where they are needed to help feed the plants and animals. It destroys the land, strips it off trees and vegetation and leaves nothing but harmful sediments.

Mining damages natural beauty. A beautiful landscaped which one existed is left as a huge piece of dug up earth. The trees are cut down and forests are left bald. Mining also causes the loss of ecosystems. Animals are displaced and are left with no homes.

Mining pollutes the environment, takes away people’s homes, and poses health risks to the surrounding communities.

One might argue that the extent of damage resulting from mining may be limited to the lifespan of the mining operations. However, the impacts on the environment and on people generally last longer than the mining operations, and may not be reversible.

On the flip side, mining operations bring jobs and money into the local economy, creates farm-to-market roads, creates infrastructure, and provides electricity, all contributing to economic progress. Mining as an industry can help the government drive infrastructure projects to greater levels so that the Philippines could move up to the next stage of economic growth. With proper programs created by the government alongside proper and truthful tax collections, the Philippine mining industry can go a long way in helping deal with poverty in the country.

Given that mining both has its advantages and disadvantages, “the question then is not whether we should mine or not, but how do we mine responsibly”, as Vice President Jejomar Binay aptly puts it.

Responsible mining takes into account its environmental, social, economic, cultural, and other impacts. Responsible mining develops the economy and its people and recognizes the delicate balance between mining and the environment. So much so that mining companies should be responsible enough to give something back to the people and the environment, the same way that communities should be guardians of the environment and partners of mining companies, being its primary beneficiaries.

Minerals are non-renewable resources. While it is inevitable that mining activities impact the surrounding environment, every measure must be undertaken to ensure that the impact is managed to acceptable degrees and that proper rehabilitation is carried out after mining operations. While we are all potential beneficiaries of the mineral wealth of our country, this paper aims to but we must not forget our role as caretakers of our nation; we must work towards responsible mining.

We believe that responsible mining can greatly contribute to national economic growth and countryside community development. However, we are also sensitive to the known environmental impacts of mining and we recognize that the development of responsible laws to govern mineral exploration, mining and investment decisions and an effective institutional structure, are fundamental for the sustainable utilization of the country's mineral resources.

When it comes to mineral resources, the Philippines is considered the fifth richest country in the world. It has the largest nickel reserves. It is third in the world for gold,

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Coal is king, it controls the economy, and many states rely on it for electricity. Yet, many families involved in the gathering of coal are experiencing profound economic difficulty. This must be resolved to improve the economic disparity in West Virginia. Many mining families experience this difficulty, due to health risks and job situations. “In just the past twenty years, air pollution from coal plants have shortened the lives of more than half a million Americans.” (Jeff Goddell, 2006). Mining kills even those uninvolved in the production of it. There are a vast amount of environmental sanctions and safety standards in mines, yet most do not follow them correctly. Companies must pay for all of this, yet they want to be able to make profit.

Nurofen Specific Pain Case

Nurofen, the pain-relief medication is made by Reckitt Benckiser Australia, a multinational company. The company was found misleading customers for all its specific range that contained the same active ingredient ibuprofen lysine 342mg and was seen to have same effect. The product was advertised the products as been targeting back pain, period pain and tension headaches. The Company was fined $1.7m for misleading customers on range of ‘specific pain’ relief contravening Australian Consumer Law has been brought forward by ACCC. The ACCC had asked federal court to impose $6 million fine. Various representations on website were found too which lead in misleading representation. The customers were misleading to buy the more expensive

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There are many issues regarding the welfare of children from all over the world. Children have been repeatedly impacted by wars and conflicts in their countries. Moreover, many children from some areas do not have access to their rights such as education and health and have to suffer from discrimination, violence, abuse and sexual and economic exploitation. After the World War II, Children from all over Europe had to suffer the aftermath of the war. This is when the United Nations stepped in and created United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund, or as today’s shorter term, United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) in December 1946 with the sole purpose to lessen the suffering by providing foods, clothing and health care.

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Sierra Leone is a petite country located on the west coast of Africa. Sierra Leone is bordered by Guinea, Liberia, and the Atlantic Ocean. The most common language here is Kiro; it is a mix of English and a variety of African languages. Sierra Leone has multiple large resources like diamonds, chromite, and rutile. Also Sierra Leone was home to a bloody and costly civil war. The civil war in Sierra Leone began on March 23, 1991 and lasted until January 18, 2002. The Revolutionary United Front (RUF) decided it was time to try and overthrow Joseph Momoh, and with the help of Charles Taylor’s National Patriotic Front of Liberia (NPFL) it was made possible. By the time the war was finished, over fifty thousand people had lost their lives and countless

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Sustainability has been a huge controversy when it comes to mining. Sustainability has always been a key consideration in the mining industry and will continue to shape activity today and beyond. (MiningGlobal.com, 2017) Mining is essential to the modernity of life, with minerals and supplies mined around the world having a major role wherein productions and trades function. As in any industry that provides integrated products and services, attention is sited on its processes and their effect on both economic and environmental approaches.

The striking increase in mining activity naturally put tension resources and questions surfaced about sustainable mining.  The fact that it is long regulated that sustainable practices are an important consideration in mining.

A global report was carried out regarding the challenges and conflicts affecting sustainability in mining. It was found that the increasing demand for mined sources stays as a major concern, as well as resource consumption like energy and water which are required for the extraction processes.

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Some of the cases under this report are commodity market imbalances: strategies for managing volatility. Strong commodity increases prices which in return compel mining companies to enhance production. However, when prices drop, supplies build up and marginal projects get neglected and less attractive. So, mining companies cannot precisely predict commodity demand or price changes. The other key issues facing the mining industry is sliding productivity and spiraling costs. Increasing pollution due to the extraction process must also take into context, with these principles applied to multinational corporates and even smaller operations.

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Sustainability of extraction processes greatly depends on the industry, but setting the techniques and processes aside, the operation is yet still associated with negative effects on environmental and social in some markets.

The challenge for the sector to strengthen its relationship with the locals and braces the importance of mining to revenue and employment in a lot of nations, some of the developing countries. The non-renewable nature of mining resources is also in conflict with sustainability it furtherly demonstrates how vital the competent use of resources for development remains.

The Philex Mining Corporation in the Philippines stated, “staying true to its role as a government partner in the ‘right and principled’ way of mining.” Although illegal mining is very rampant in the Philippines, the sector has fallen quite short of its goal. Destruction of the environment penetrates all states and it is the duty of the government to ensure that all possible negative effects are accounted for – environmental and economical. Despite the consecutive warning and closure of minefields, the corporations haven’t yet lessened the impact.

The Philex Mining Corp.’s vision is “to be a highly respected world-class natural resource company committed to adhere to international standards in mining operations and environmental conservation and deliver excellent value to our partner communities, investors, employees, and other stakeholders.” (PHILEX MINING CORPORATION, 2017 VISION) Believing that they lived up to bring excellent value to its stakeholders and that they’re fitting in supporting the action of the government towards illegal mining in the country. And saying keeping up to their mission that “We are responsible mining corporation that discovers and processes minerals and energy resources for the use of the society.” (PHILEX MINING CORPORATION, 2017 MISSION) Implying that despite the negative impact to the environment they will still provide noticeable measurements using the natural resources in able for the society to use. However, the mining corporation spills the ‘biggest-mining disaster’ in the Philippines, surpassing Marcopper.

On March 4, 1996, the drainage tunnels of Marcopper Mining Corporation’s open pit broke and leaked millions of tons of mine waste that trapped the Boac River in Marinduque, burying villages and destroying marine life. Despite, renewing the company’s license in agreeing to stop throwing their mine tailing into the river. So, they used their old open pit dams as their dam. But as time passes the dam got filled with tailing and the pressure caused a seepage on the mine waste and later happened. Just like the Marcopper, Philex made the same mistake but far greater, spilling some 20 million metric tons of sediments into the water channels in Itogon, Benguet. (Rouchelle R. Dinglasan, GMA News, 2012) The impacts of this disaster on the environment are visible through air pollution, biodiversity loss, floods, food insecurity, soil contamination, and many more. On health, it brought malnutrition, mental problems, occupational disease, exposure to unknown complex risks like radiation, and a lot more.

Mining Corporations ignore the environment until a noticeable impact is visible. With this disaster, the Philex Mining Corporation has taken to its account to be responsible as a conscientious mining company that lives up to its mission and vision. The company initialized to blasting its entrance holes which lead to underground tunnels of illegal-small scale mining. To show support to their ‘sustainable mining’ approach they had formed a task force to regulate illegal mining in Benguet.

In able for the Philippines to practice sustainable mining, some key features must be observed. Address the environment, health, economic and social benefits, and impacts of mining through the entire lifecycle. Recently the Department of Environment and Natural Resources (DENR) is studying alternative ways of extracting minerals aside from pit mining. (Louise Maureen Simeon (The Philippine Star), February 8, 2019)  According to the news, there are at least three hanging open-pit mining in the Philippines that could potentially give P303 billion in the national revenue and P40.4 billion for the local revenue. This alternative way includes better options and possible substitutes that are costly but alternative. About 30 million hectares of land areas in the Philippines are deemed as possible areas for metallic minerals. About 9 million hectares of land areas are identified as having high mineral potential, according to MGB. (Rappler.com, 2012) Mining companies fixed a total of P19.9 billion for the implementation of approved projects for their environmental protection and enhancement programs. Another way to stop environmental degradation is by enhancing the participation of the stakeholders and minimizing the use of water and reducing energy consumption.

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Sustainability Strategies in Mining

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We believe in responsible mining, because…

This is in response to Gideon Lasco’s “I support responsible mining if…” (8/23/18).

His arguments for his conditional support, however, compel us to respond, as they only feed on misconceptions on mining borne largely by misinformation.

The ubiquity in our daily lives of mineral products indicates there is a demand that should be met and supplied. For the Philippines, being part of the supply chain is just one side of the coin. FEATURED STORIES OPINION ‘Oras de Peligro’ OPINION JPE’s not-so-secret path to longevity OPINION Redeeming the country’s image

The other side is that our country needs development and, since we are blessed with abundant minerals, it would be unwise to not take advantage of such resources.

These jurisdictions have found their respective niches and focused their energies and long-term plans on them. We believe we should do the same for responsible mining.

Our mineral wealth, per Mines and Geosciences Bureau estimates, is worth $840 billion — truly a God-given wealth. In economics, there is the question of opportunity costs.

After a long time when substitutes would have been developed to replace minerals and they would no longer be feasible to mine, what happens to the lost potential gains?

Lasco goes on to compare the Philippine land area to the vast expanses of Australia, the US and Russia, pointing out that, because our land area is small, mining should not be undertaken in the country.

Out of the Philippines’ total 30 million hectares, an estimated 9 million ha, or 30 percent, have high mineral potential, but only less than 1 million ha, or less than 3 percent of the the country’s total land area, are covered by mining tenements.

The mining industry recognizes the environmental impacts of mining, which are thoroughly addressed by the enhanced environmental impact assessment system and the corresponding environmental compliance certificate conditionalities.

There are regulations on mitigating mining’s impact on the environment, as well as on rehabilitation of affected areas, including limitations on where mining should be conducted.

These are being followed by large mining companies, strictly regulated and scrutinized by the government, and regularly checked by multipartite monitoring teams.

It is thus preposterous for Lasco to believe that we can deprive communities of clean water, or affect their health in any way, given these stringent laws and meticulous monitoring systems.

It is equally preposterous for Lasco to think that, in this day and age, we can “force” people out of their homes.

Concessionaires can’t even start exploration in ancestral lands, of which there are many, without getting the consent of our indigenous peoples under the Free, Prior and Informed Consent framework.

We are proud that COMP members have demonstrated responsible mining. Two of these members, Nickel Asia Corp. and OceanaGold Philippines, have won top honors in the first Asean Mining Awards.

An overwhelming majority of communities where we operate are happy with what responsible mining operations have provided them.

Mining can be an inconvenient truth to some.  For us in the COMP who believe and practice responsible mining, it is simply a sensible and rational truth.

ROCKY DIMACULANGAN, Vice President for Communications and National Coordinator Towards Sustainable Mining Chamber of Mines of the Philippines

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  1. Sustainability | Free Full-Text | Responsible Mining: The Key ...

    Responsible mining is a relatively new concept, and it is taking time for companies to understand it. Mining corporations are under pressure to deliver results. Even in companies with high standards, contractors may cut corners, and the remoteness of sites limits government oversight.

  2. Responsible Mining and Energy - Conservation International

    The mining, oil and gas industries are leading engines of job creation and economic growth — particularly in developing countries — as well as a large source of revenue for many governments. What are the issues? > 72% of global greenhouse emissions Climate change The drilling, refining and burning of fossil fuels releases greenhouse gases.

  3. (PDF) White Paper on Responsible Mining - ResearchGate

    The White Paper on Responsible Mining has been drafted by the IAPG - Task Group on Responsible Mining. Drafting Committee: Nikolaos Arvanitidis, Jan Boon, Pekka Nurmi, Giuseppe Di Capua. With the ...

  4. Mining - National Geographic Society | National Geographic ...

    Mining is the process of extracting useful materials from the earth. Some examples of substances that are mined include coal, gold, or iron ore. Iron ore is the material from which the metal iron is produced. The process of mining dates back to prehistoric times.

  5. Responsible Mining Essay - EssaysForStudent.com

    Responsible mining takes into account its environmental, social, economic, cultural, and other impacts. Responsible mining develops the economy and its people and recognizes the delicate balance between mining and the environment.

  6. Responsible Mining - 3294 Words | Studymode

    Responsible mining, according to the Chamber of Mines, can help solve poverty “if mining stakeholders put themselves fully to the task”. Binay’s message, “the Chamber of Mines said the best minds and knowledge of the industry would be crucial in helping policy makers and ordinary citizens obtain the truth of mining”.

  7. Responsible Mining Case Study - 863 Words | Internet Public ...

    Responsible mining is mining with the responsibility of caring for the environment and society. Environmental impacts that can come from the mining industry include pollution to bodies of water, land degradation, emission of harmful substances especially to vegetation and groundwater resources, and air pollution.

  8. Sustainability Strategies in Mining Free Essay Example

    Mining Corporations ignore the environment until a noticeable impact is visible. With this disaster, the Philex Mining Corporation has taken to its account to be responsible as a conscientious mining company that lives up to its mission and vision.

  9. We believe in responsible mining, because… - INQUIRER.net

    Mining can be an inconvenient truth to some. For us in the COMP who believe and practice responsible mining, it is simply a sensible and rational truth. ROCKY DIMACULANGAN, Vice President for Communications and National Coordinator Towards Sustainable Mining Chamber of Mines of the Philippines Your daily dose of fearless views SIGN ME UP Read Next